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Archives Volume-10, Issue-2 (July-December)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
BETWEEN DIPLOMACY AND DILEMMA: INDIA–MYANMAR RELATIONS AMID THE ROHINGYA CRISIS
Author Name:
Harpreet Singh Sikri
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17590085
Page No.:
1-11
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BETWEEN DIPLOMACY AND DILEMMA: INDIA–MYANMAR RELATIONS AMID THE ROHINGYA CRISIS
Author: Harpreet Singh Sikri

ABSTRACT:
The Rohingya have become a stateless community, deprived of citizenship and belonging to no nation.
Forced to flee Myanmar, they seek refuge across borders but find few countries willing to accept them.
This paper highlights the ongoing discrimination and persecution faced by the Rohingya, including
mass killings, sexual violence, and the destruction of villages. As a result, thousands have fled to
neighboring countries to escape violence. The United Nations has described these atrocities as ―ethnic
cleansing.‖ While the international community has condemned Myanmar‘s actions, India has avoided
direct criticism, maintaining a cautious stance due to strategic and security dilemma. However, India‘s
domestic policy toward Rohingya refugees remains hostile, viewing them as illegal immigrants and
potential security threats.
Keyword: Rohingya, Myanmar, India, Crisis, Citizenship, Military, Refugee, ARSA, ASEAN,
Relation, Connectivity.

Paper Title:
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION: DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
Author Name:
Amandeep Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17735455
Page No.:
12-19
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION: DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
Author: Amandeep Kaur

ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship and innovation are widely recognized as key drivers of economic growth,
competitiveness, and societal transformation. This paper explores the dynamic relationship between
the two, emphasizing how entrepreneurial activity fosters innovation and, in turn, how innovation
enhances entrepreneurial success. Drawing upon established theories and contemporary literature, the
study examines the role of innovation-led entrepreneurship in promoting job creation, technological
progress, productivity improvement, and sustainable development. Using a qualitative methodology,
secondary data from global reports, academic research, and comparative case studies of developed and
developing economies are analysed. Findings reveal that while advanced economies benefit from
strong innovation ecosystems, emerging markets face structural constraints such as limited finance,
inadequate infrastructure, skill shortages, and regulatory burdens. The study further highlights policy
and institutional mechanisms such as financial incentives, skill development programs, intellectual
property protection, and international collaboration that strengthen innovation-driven
entrepreneurship. The paper concludes that fostering a supportive environment through coordinated
government, industry, and academic efforts is essential for enabling entrepreneurship and innovation
to act as catalysts of inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Economic Growth, Innovation Ecosystem, Sustainable
Development.

Paper Title:
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND METACOGNITION ON PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS IN ADOLESCENTS
Author Name:
Ankit Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17802710
Page No.:
20-32
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SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND METACOGNITION ON PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS IN ADOLESCENTS
Author: Ankit Kumar

ABSTRACT
This study examines the interrelationship between emotional intelligence (EI), metacognitive
awareness and problem-solving abilities in adolescents aged 14-18. While previous research has
investigated these constructs independently, limited attention has been given to their potential
synergistic effects. Using a mixed-methods approach, 246 high school students from Samastipur
completed standardized measures of emotional intelligence (MSCEIT-YV), metacognitive awareness
(MAI) and problem-solving skills (PSI-TECH). Additionally, qualitative data was collected through
semi-structured interviews with a subset of 28 participants. Results indicate significant positive
correlations between emotional intelligence and metacognitive awareness (r = .68, p < .001),
emotional intelligence and problem-solving (r = .59, p < .001) and metacognitive awareness and
problem-solving (r = .71, p < .001). Path analysis revealed that metacognition partially mediates the
relationship between emotional intelligence and problem-solving performance. Furthermore, students
with high scores in both EI and metacognition demonstrated significantly superior problem-solving
abilities compared to those with high scores in only one domain or low scores in both. These findings
suggest that emotional intelligence and metacognition function synergistically, enhancing adolescents'
capacity to effectively approach and resolve complex problems. Educational implications include the
potential benefits of integrated interventions targeting both emotional and metacognitive skills
development in adolescents.
Keywords: emotional intelligence, metacognition, problem-solving, adolescent development,
cognitive processes, educational psychology, self-regulation, social-emotional learning

Paper Title:
TRANSFORMING ACADEMIC ERRORS INTO LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH FAILURE-BASED LEARNING SIMULATIONS IN RURAL SCHOOLS OF DARBHANGA DISTRICT
Author Name:
Md. Sabihur Rahman
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17802759
Page No.:
33-42
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TRANSFORMING ACADEMIC ERRORS INTO LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH FAILURE-BASED LEARNING SIMULATIONS IN RURAL SCHOOLS OF DARBHANGA DISTRICT
Author: Md. Sabihur Rahman

ABSTRACT
Educational paradigms often view mistakes as barriers rather than stepping stones to learning. This
research explores how strategic failure simulation activities can be used to transform academic errors
into productive educational experiences. Conducted in Darbhanga district, Bihar, the study involved
125 students aged 14-16 from Classes IX and X across five secondary schools. Using a controlled
experimental approach, the study compared traditional error correction techniques with structured
failure simulation interventions over an eight-month period. The results indicated that students in the
experimental group exhibited significant improvements in analytical thinking, reduced academic
anxiety and enhanced metacognitive skills. Statistical analysis revealed substantial differences
between groups (p < 0.01), with large effect sizes across the measured outcomes. These findings
suggest that when managed appropriately, failure simulations can foster a more constructive
relationship with academic challenges, enhancing overall learning outcomes in conventional
educational settings.
Keywords: Academic errors, productive failure, rural education in Bihar, metacognitive regulation,
simulation-based learning

Paper Title:
FOSTERING ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSETS IN STUDENTS THROUGH CURRICULUM INNOVATION
Author Name:
Sarita Bhawani
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17802831
Page No.:
43-55
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FOSTERING ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSETS IN STUDENTS THROUGH CURRICULUM INNOVATION
Author: Sarita Bhawani

ABSTRACT
This research investigates the impact of curriculum innovation on fostering entrepreneurial mindsets
among students in Darbhanga district, Bihar. With India's growing emphasis on entrepreneurship as a
driver of economic development, educational institutions are increasingly expected to cultivate
entrepreneurial competencies among students. This study examines how innovative curriculum
interventions influence students' entrepreneurial attitudes, skills and intentions. A mixed-method
approach was employed, collecting data from 350 students across 15 educational institutions in
Darbhanga district. The findings reveal significant positive relationships between curriculum
innovation dimensions and entrepreneurial mindset development, offering valuable insights for
educational policymakers and administrators seeking to enhance entrepreneurial education in semiurban and rural contexts.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Mindset, Curriculum Innovation, Higher Education, Darbhanga District,
Entrepreneurship Education

Paper Title:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Author Name:
Country:
India
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Author:

Rejected paper

Paper Title:
माध्यमिक स्तर के छात्रों की बुद्धि, अध्ययन व्यवहार एवं शैक्षिक उपलब्धि के मध्य सहसंबंध का अध्ययन
Author Name:
मो. हामिद & राज कुमार झा
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17802930
Page No.:
68-76
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माध्यमिक स्तर के छात्रों की बुद्धि, अध्ययन व्यवहार एवं शैक्षिक उपलब्धि के मध्य सहसंबंध का अध्ययन
Author: मो. हामिद & राज कुमार झा

सारांशः
प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य माध्यमिक स्तर के छात्रों की बुद्धि, अध्ययन व्यवहार तथा शैक्षिक उपलब्धि के मध्य सहसंबंध की प्रकृति और सीमा को स्पष्ट करना था। आज के प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक शैक्षिक वातावरण में यह जानना अत्यंत आवश्यक है कि छात्र की बौद्धिक क्षमताएँ तथा अध्ययन की शैली उसकी शैक्षिक सफलता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती हैं। इस शोध में समस्तीपुर जिले के विभिन्न विद्यालयों से कुल 300 छात्रों (150 बालक और 150 बालिकाएं) का यादृच्छिक चयन किया गया। शोध में छात्रों की बुद्धि का आकलन एक मानकीकृत बुद्धिलब्धि परीक्षण से, अध्ययन व्यवहार का मूल्यांकन एक स्वनिर्मित प्रश्नावली से तथा शैक्षिक उपलब्धि का निर्धारण उनके विद्यालयी परीक्षा में प्राप्त अंकों के माध्यम से किया गया। सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण से यह ज्ञात हुआ कि छात्रों की बुद्धि और उनकी शैक्षिक उपलब्धि के मध्य मध्यम सकारात्मक सहसंबंध (त = 0.65) विद्यमान है, जिससे यह संकेत मिलता है कि बौद्धिक रूप से अधिक सक्षम छात्र अपेक्षाकृत अधिक शैक्षिक उपलब्धि प्राप्त करते हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त, अध्ययन व्यवहार और शैक्षिक उपलब्धि के मध्य उच्च सकारात्मक सहसंबंध (त = 0.72) प्राप्त हुआ, जो यह स्पष्ट करता है कि जिन छात्रों का अध्ययन व्यवहार नियमित, संगठित और उद्देश्यपरक होता है, वे अधिक प्रभावशाली शैक्षिक प्रदर्शन करते हैं। शोध में यह भी पाया गया कि लिंग के आधार पर सहसंबंधों में कोई विशेष अंतर नहीं था, जो इस तथ्य की पुष्टि करता है कि बुद्धि और अध्ययन व्यवहार, दोनों ही घटक बालक और बालिकाओं के शैक्षिक प्रदर्शन को समान रूप से प्रभावित करते हैं। इस शोध के निष्कर्षों के आधार पर यह अनुशंसा की जा सकती है कि विद्यालयों में अध्ययन कौशल विकास के लिए विशेष कार्यक्रम संचालित किए जाएँ और शिक्षकों को छात्रों की बौद्धिक विशेषताओं के अनुरूप शिक्षण विधियाँ अपनाने के लिए प्रशिक्षित किया जाए। यह अध्ययन शिक्षा नीति निर्माताओं, अध्यापकों और अभिभावकों के लिए यह समझने में सहायक है कि शैक्षिक सफलता बहुआयामी तत्वों पर निर्भर करती है जिनमें बुद्धि और अध्ययन व्यवहार प्रमुख घटक हैं।
मुख्य शब्दः बुद्धि, अध्ययन व्यवहार, शैक्षिक उपलब्धि, सहसंबंध, माध्यमिक शिक्षा.

Paper Title:
FEAR SPACE AND THE UNCANNY ISLAND: CONFIGURATIONS OF SUBJECTIVITY IN WILLIAM GOLDING’S FICTION
Author Name:
Rajeev Chandra Prasad Visala
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17815598
Page No.:
77-81
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FEAR SPACE AND THE UNCANNY ISLAND: CONFIGURATIONS OF SUBJECTIVITY IN WILLIAM GOLDING’S FICTION
Author: Rajeev Chandra Prasad Visala

ABSTRACT
William Golding's fiction constructs isolated "fear spaces", liminal environments such as islands and
rocks, that evoke the Freudian uncanny, disrupting conventional subjectivity and reconfiguring the self
through encounters with the repressed and the unknown. This paper explores these dynamics across
three novels: Lord of the Flies (1954), Pincher Martin (1956), and The Inheritors (1955). In Lord of
the Flies, the tropical island morphs from an Edenic refuge to an uncanny labyrinth, where fear
amplifies the boys' fragmented subjectivities into primal collectives. Pincher Martin transforms a
jagged rock into a solipsistic uncanny domain, wherein the protagonist's hallucinatory projections
shatter egoic coherence amid existential dread. The Inheritors recasts prehistoric landscapes as fearinfused terrains, alienating Neanderthal consciousness through sapiens' invasive gaze, thus fracturing
holistic subjectivity. Employing psychoanalytic and spatial theories, this analysis reveals Golding's
fear spaces as uncanny islands that expose subjectivity's precarious architecture: terror's irruption
compels reconfiguration, yielding insights into post-war alienation and ecological rupture. Golding's
configurations ultimately caution that unnavigated uncanny encounters precipitate subjective
dissolution, underscoring the self's entanglement with spatial hauntings.
Keywords: William Golding, Fear space, Uncanny island, Subjectivity configurations, Spatial
psychoanalysis, Lord of the Flies, Pincher Martin, The Inheritors

Paper Title:
LAI HARAOBA: A RITUALISTIC AND CULTURAL REFLECTION OF MANIPUR
Author Name:
Ningthoujam Priyolata Devi & Wahengbam Kumari Chanu
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17825875
Page No.:
82-92
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LAI HARAOBA: A RITUALISTIC AND CULTURAL REFLECTION OF MANIPUR
Author: Ningthoujam Priyolata Devi & Wahengbam Kumari Chanu

ABSTRACT:
Lai Haraoba, a vibrant and ancient festival of Manipur, serves as a rich embodiment of the state's
traditional, religious, and cultural heritage. Rooted in the Meitei belief system, this festival represents
a re-enactment of the creation myth, celebrating the interplay between deities and humans. This
research article explores the various forms of Lai Haraoba, its ritualistic performances, the role of key
participants, and its broader socio-cultural significance. Through an analysis of historical texts and
contemporary practices, the paper highlights the importance of Lai Haraoba in preserving Manipuri
identity and fostering community cohesion.
Keywords: Lai Haraoba, Meitei culture, Rituals and performances, Manipuri traditions, Indigenous
festivals

Paper Title:
महिला सशक्तिकरण में संगीत की भूमिका
Author Name:
रवींद्र रामभाऊ इंगळे
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17852518
Page No.:
93-97
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महिला सशक्तिकरण में संगीत की भूमिका
Author: रवींद्र रामभाऊ इंगळे

प्रस्तावना :-
नारी पृथ्वी की आदि शक्ति है, इसलिए भारतीय जीवन दर्शमें स्त्री को शक्ति का पर्याय मानकर उसे शक्तिरुपा कहा गया है। शक्ति के अभाव में आदिदेव शिव भी शव है, शक्ति के समाहित होने से ही शव शिव बनता है।
नारी परिवार समाज निर्माण की ऊर्जा का स्त्रोत है, इसकी शक्ति से ही परिवार और समाज की रचना होती है। सृजन और पोषण उसके नैसर्गिक दायित्व है। इसलिए किसी भी समाज की सभ्यता की कसौटी उस समाज में प्राप्त महिलाओं का दर्जा है। जिस समाज की महिलाएं जितनी अधिकार संपन्न और सम्मानित होगी वह समाज उतना ही श्रेष्ठ माना जाएगा। इसलिए “यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यन्ते रमंते तत्र देवता:” यह आर्ष वाक्य बना।

Paper Title:
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION IN SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION IN PUNJAB: A CRITICAL STUDY
Author Name:
Dilbag Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17852665
Page No.:
98-108
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MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION IN SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION IN PUNJAB: A CRITICAL STUDY
Author: Dilbag Singh

ABSTRACT
Education is the cornerstone of societal progress, driving overall development. Consequently, every
society establishes a school system to educate its children according to its socio-economic framework.
Typically, school education is divided into three stages: primary, secondary, and higher secondary. To
maintain high educational standards, teachers undergo professional training through teacher education
programs. In India, these programs are regulated by the National Council for Teacher Education
(NCTE), directly impacting the quality of school education. Each stage of schooling plays a vital role
in student development. The primary level focuses on building foundational skills in reading, writing,
and arithmetic. At the secondary stage, subjects such as mathematics, science, social sciences, and
languages are explored in greater depth to enhance students' knowledge, skills, critical thinking,
conceptual clarity, and linguistic abilities. The effectiveness of higher education largely depends on the
competencies developed during secondary education. Students select a language of instruction for
subjects like science and mathematics, and their comprehension relies on their proficiency in that
language. Equally important is the teacher's fluency in the same language to facilitate effective
teaching and learning. To improve secondary education, enhancing teacher training programs is
crucial. Previously, India offered a one-year secondary teacher education program, which was
extended to two years in 2014, followed by the introduction of a Five-Year Integrated Program
(FYIP). These programs cover subjects such as philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, and teaching
methodologies. While philosophy defines knowledge and values, psychology helps teachers
understand students' cognitive and social development. Pedagogical training equips educators with
effective teaching strategies. However, many trainee teachers do not receive instruction in their native
language or chosen medium of instruction, leading to difficulties in understanding key concepts.
Additionally, many professors use a different language or a mixed-language approach, such as English
and Punjabi or Hindi and English, creating a barrier to comprehension. Studies suggest that the quality
of teacher education significantly influences the performance of secondary teachers. Furthermore, the
appropriate use of language by teacher educators plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness of
training programs. This study gathered perspectives from 200 teacher trainees and 50 teacher
educators through open-ended interview questions. Their responses were analyzed using content
analysis to gain deeper insights into their experiences and viewpoints.
Key Words: Medium of Instruction, Secondary Teacher Education.

Paper Title:
ENVISAGING ROLE CONFLICT AND STRESS MANAGEMENT: A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FATHOM
Author Name:
Deepa S V & Vinita Pandey
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17854151
Page No.:
109-113
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ENVISAGING ROLE CONFLICT AND STRESS MANAGEMENT: A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FATHOM
Author: Deepa S V & Vinita Pandey

ABSTRACT
This article explores the intricate, bi-directional relationship between role conflict and stress
management through a combined socio-psychological lens. Role conflict, stemming from
incompatible expectations across or within social and professional roles, is a potent antecedent to
occupational and psychological strain. By synthesizing foundational theories from sociology (e.g.,
Role Theory, Symbolic Interactionism) and psychology (e.g., Transactional Model of Stress and
Coping, Person-Environment Fit), the paper elucidates how macro-social structures and microindividual interpretations contribute to employee distress. It aims to review the literature, detail the
theoretical underpinnings of both disciplines, and assess the practical applicability of these concepts in
the working environment. The discussion highlights the importance of proactive coping strategies
and organizational interventions to mitigate the detrimental effects of role stress on individual wellbeing and organizational productivity. Ultimately, a holistic socio-psychological perspective offers a
more robust framework for understanding and effectively managing the pervasive challenges of
modern work life.
Key Words: Role Conflict, Role Theory, Stress Management, Socio-Psychological, Work-Life
Conflict, Occupational Stress, Coping Mechanisms, Transactional Model.

Paper Title:
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CHILD RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Author Name:
Mamatha S & Girija K. S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17909221
Page No.:
114-119
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AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CHILD RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Author: Mamatha S & Girija K. S

ABSTRACT
The issue of child labor is one that poses significant challenges to the realization of human rights,
particularly in the context of the Constitution of India. Despite the efforts made by various
stakeholders to eradicate child labor in the country, it remains a prevalent issue that affects the lives of
millions of children. This paper aims to explore the theoretical aspects of child labor in the context of
human rights and the Constitution of India. The Constitution of India recognizes the right to education,
health, and protection against exploitation as fundamental human rights. However, the persistence of
child labor in various forms, such as domestic labor, bonded labor, and factory work, indicates that the
constitutional provisions have not been adequately implemented. The lack of enforcement of these
provisions has created a gap between the theory and practice of child rights in India. The theoretical
framework for addressing child labor in India is rooted in the idea of the dignity of every individual.
This concept is enshrined in the Constitution of India and recognizes that every child has the right to a
life free from exploitation and abuse. Furthermore, India has ratified several international treaties,
including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Labour Organization's (ILO)
Conventions on child labor. These treaties provide a framework for combating child labor and
promoting the welfare of children. However, despite these theoretical frameworks, the practice of
child labor in India remains widespread. This can be attributed to several factors, including poverty,
lack of education, and the absence of effective enforcement mechanisms. Children from impoverished
backgrounds are often forced into labor as a means of survival, while others are lured by the prospect
of earning money. This approach should include measures to combat poverty, promote education, and
strengthen enforcement mechanisms. The government must also ensure that all children have access to
quality education and healthcare, as these are fundamental human rights. Furthermore, efforts should
be made to improve the economic conditions of families living in poverty, as this will reduce the
demand for child labor. In conclusion, the issue of child labor is a significant challenge to the
realization of human rights in India. This will require a concerted effort by all stakeholders, including
the government, civil society organizations, and the international community.
Keywords- Child Labor, Human Rights, Constitution of India, Education, Poverty, Enforcement,
Exploitation, International Labour Organization.

Paper Title:
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON LEGAL AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF WITNESS PROTECTION IN INDIA
Author Name:
Ajai Veer & Pooja Chaudhary
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17961819
Page No.:
120-131
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AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON LEGAL AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF WITNESS PROTECTION IN INDIA
Author: Ajai Veer & Pooja Chaudhary

ABSTRACT
The current study explores the legal and ethical issues surrounding witness protection in India by examining how current practices correspond to the constitutional values, human rights standards, and the legitimate needs of the vulnerable witnesses. The objective is to analyze the present protection measures in terms of their benefits and disadvantages and identify the reforms necessary for the betterment of the justice delivery system. In India, the protective measures are of extreme import, as
the prevailing conditions of threats, non-cooperative witnesses, political influence, and underworld gangs conducting their operations often undermine the trust in the evidence and the judicial process through trials. Besides, the absence of a national law uniform in nature and the incompatible witness protection scheme (2018), breach of confidentiality, accountability of police, and the state moral responsibility to offer protection and respect to those who assist the justice system are among the
principal legal and ethical quandaries that are being debated in the study. The research applies qualitative methodology and partly depends on secondary data like court decisions, policy documents, academic writings, international instances, etc., and identifies the major findings of lack of infrastructure, financial resources restricted to minimal necessity, absence of proper training, and poor inter-institutional cooperation. Moreover, the results point out that witnesses have to face and such
social and psychological factors are there, which discourage witnesses from coming forward and cooperating. In short, the paper suggests that India needs to come up with all-encompassing witness protection law, to fortify the institutional framework, to set up special units for the protection of witnesses, and to incorporate the ethically rooted practices for the purpose of providing a consistent and efficient security cover for witnesses. Not only the improved witness protection will lead to higher conviction rates, but also it will help in restoring the public's trust and fostering a more account.

Keywords: crime against humanity, adversary system, or jurisprudence, bail, martyrdom, prejudice,human trafficking, appellant, convict, indenture, court order.

Paper Title:
TRACING THE ORIGINS OF NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME IN TAGORE’S IDEA OF RURAL RECONSTRUCTION
Author Name:
Shashanka Sekhar Roy
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17961639
Page No.:
132-138
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TRACING THE ORIGINS OF NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME IN TAGORE’S IDEA OF RURAL RECONSTRUCTION
Author: Shashanka Sekhar Roy

ABSTRACT:
Rabindranath Tagore's idea of rural development was one of the major instruments of the social and economic upliftment of the disadvantaged communities, likely peasants and labourers living in the village area. Despite being the son of a landlord, Tagore dedicated himself to the welfare of the rural poor. He was farsighted to establishing self-reliant villages and revitalising the rural economy. Tagore actively participated in addressing the grievances and poverty of the poor people. He diligently tried to eradicate illiteracy and superstitions among the peasants, labourers and the insolvents. Tagore viewed rural development as the sole path to national progress. He realised that the key to India's development lay in its villages. Without the holistic welfare of villages, the prosperity of India was unachievable. Therefore, true independence for society is equivalent to India's independence. Nearly half a century after Rabindranath's efforts, the National Service Scheme (NSS) was introduced in 1969 by the
Government of India. The objectives of this scheme were aligned with Rabindranath's rural development ideas. The scheme focused on adopting villages and undertaking community development works. This article will try to find out Tagore's village development ideas and how it is considered a model for the NSS.

Keywords: Development, village, welfare, society, nation, community, peasants.

Paper Title:
STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SKILLS REQUIRED IN PROPRIETORS AND PERFORMANCE OF FAMILY ENTERPRISES IN AHILYANAGAR
Author Name:
Sayyed Mudassar Nazir
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18044651
Page No.:
139-143
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STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SKILLS REQUIRED IN PROPRIETORS AND PERFORMANCE OF FAMILY ENTERPRISES IN AHILYANAGAR
Author: Sayyed Mudassar Nazir

ABSTRACT
Family business is a business venture owned, governed, controlled and managed on continuous, sustainable and cross-generational basis by members of one single family. Family members aim to establish and further achieve / attain the vision, mission and goals of business. This family business may be a company or a firm where family members possess major share of ownership and have complete control over entire activities and aspects of business. Family businesses help boosting healthy market competition, thereby offering quality products and services at reasonable prices. This
subsequently improves standard of living of people by large. Research aimed to study the relationship between skills required in proprietors and performance of family enterprises in Ahilyanagar taluka. Descriptive research design was used. Primary data was gathered from proprietors of family enterprises having experience of atleast five years located in Ahilyanagar taluka. Pearson Chi-Square Test for independence was applied for statistical testing.

Keywords: Skills Required, Proprietors, Performance, Family Enterprises

Paper Title:
FROM ACCESS TO APPOINTMENT: DEMOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ON DIGITAL HEALTH BOOKING BEHAVIOUR
Author Name:
Navneet Kaur Bains & Navdeep Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18068579
Page No.:
144-152
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FROM ACCESS TO APPOINTMENT: DEMOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ON DIGITAL HEALTH BOOKING BEHAVIOUR
Author: Navneet Kaur Bains & Navdeep Kaur

ABSTRACT
Background
The rapid digitalization of healthcare has led to the widespread adoption of digital health platforms, particularly for online appointment booking. While these platforms enhance accessibility and efficiency, their actual usage varies across population groups, raising concerns about demographic disparities in digital healthcare access.

Aim/Objectives
The study aims to examine the effect of demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, education, occupation, income, and marital status, on patients’ use behaviour of digital health appointment booking platforms, and to identify significant variations across demographic segments.

Methodology
A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical research design was adopted. Primary data were collected from 390 respondents in the Tricity region (Chandigarh, Panchkula, and Mohali) using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA were applied using SPSS to analyze demographic differences in digital health use behaviour at a 5% level of significance.

Results
The findings reveal significant differences in digital health platform use behaviour across age, gender, education, occupation, and income groups, while marital status shows no significant influence. Younger, highly educated, salaried, and higher-income respondents demonstrate greater engagement with digital health booking platforms, indicating persistent demographic-based usage gaps.

Conclusion
The study concludes that demographic factors play a crucial role in shaping digital health booking behaviour, highlighting that access alone does not ensure equitable utilization. Policymakers and platform developers must adopt demographically sensitive strategies, including digital literacy initiatives and user-friendly platform design, to promote inclusive and equitable access to digital healthcare.

Keywords: Digital health platforms; Appointment booking behaviour; Demographic determinants; eHealth literacy; Healthcare accessibility

Paper Title:
UNIVERSITIES AS ENGINES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A STUDY OF STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF START-UP SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN PUNJAB
Author Name:
Kiranjeet Kaur & Navdeep Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18068616
Page No.:
153-162
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UNIVERSITIES AS ENGINES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A STUDY OF STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF START-UP SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN PUNJAB
Author: Kiranjeet Kaur & Navdeep Kaur

ABSTRACT
Background: Universities are increasingly expected to function as engines of entrepreneurship by fostering innovation, start-up creation, and entrepreneurial mindsets among students through structured support systems such as entrepreneurship education, incubation centres, mentorship, and industry linkages. In Punjab, despite growing institutional investments in entrepreneurial infrastructure, there is limited empirical evidence on how effectively these support systems are
communicated to students and how aware students are of the opportunities available to them.

Aim/Objectives: The primary aim of the study is to examine students’ awareness of start-up support systems provided by universities in Punjab and to assess how effectively educational institutions contribute to building a start-up culture from the students’ perspective. The study specifically seeks to evaluate awareness of institutional resources such as incubation centres, seed funding, mentorship programmes, entrepreneurship events, and external collaborations.

Methodology: The study adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. Primary data were collected from 392 undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral students from selected public and private universities in Punjab using a structured and validated questionnaire. A five-point Likert scale was employed, and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis with the help of SPSS (Version 26).

Results: The findings indicate that students exhibit a moderate to high level of awareness of start-up support systems, particularly regarding incubation centres, entrepreneurship events, and idea-pitching platforms. However, relatively lower awareness was observed in areas related to mentorship accessibility and participation in awareness sessions. The results further reveal a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between students’ awareness of start-up support systems and their entrepreneurial intentions.

Conclusion: The study concludes that students’ awareness of institutional start-up support systems is a critical enabling factor in translating university resources into entrepreneurial intentions. Universities can effectively act as engines of entrepreneurship only when entrepreneurial initiatives are not only available but are also clearly visible, accessible, and aligned with students’ aspirations. Strengthening
awareness-building and engagement strategies is therefore essential for fostering a vibrant start-up culture in Punjab.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial universities; Start-up support systems; Student awareness; Entrepreneurial intentions; Higher education in Punjab

Paper Title:
BREAKING FREE FROM GENDER EXPECTATIONS: EXPLORING HOW WOMEN DEFINE SUCCESS IN A MALE-DOMINATED SOCIETY
Author Name:
Clissia Chawla & Mamta Taneja
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18113405
Page No.:
163-167
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BREAKING FREE FROM GENDER EXPECTATIONS: EXPLORING HOW WOMEN DEFINE SUCCESS IN A MALE-DOMINATED SOCIETY
Author: Clissia Chawla & Mamta Taneja

ABSTRACT
Traditional understandings of success have historically emerged from patriarchal structures that privilege male experiences and values. For many women, these definitions—centred on financial achievement, hierarchical advancement, and public visibility—often conflict with their lived realities and aspirations. This cross-cultural qualitative study explores how 35 women from India and Brazil define, negotiate, and challenge societal expectations of success. Using semi-structured interviews, the
research reveals that women frequently diverge from conventional male-centered metrics by prioritizing emotional well-being, autonomy, life satisfaction, and community impact. Findings highlight significant cultural and generational differences, with young women increasingly rejecting patriarchal norms and redefining success in deeply personal terms. The study underscores the pervasive influence of gender expectations and the resilience with which women resist, reinterpret, and reconstruct success. It concludes with recommendations for schools, families, workplaces, and society to adopt more inclusive, equitable frameworks that affirm women’s diverse experiences of achievement.

Keywords: Women, Success, Gender Expectations, Patriarchy, Cross-Cultural Study, India, Brazil, Emotional Well-being, Feminist Psychology, Social Norms

Paper Title:
MENTAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN RURAL INDIA: ACCESS, SOCIAL DILEMMAS AND SOCIO-CULTURAL CONFRONTATIONS
Author Name:
Gopikashree S & Deepa S V
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18113558
Page No.:
168-173
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MENTAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN RURAL INDIA: ACCESS, SOCIAL DILEMMAS AND SOCIO-CULTURAL CONFRONTATIONS
Author: Gopikashree S & Deepa S V

ABSTRACT
Mental health is a fundamental human right, yet in rural India—home to approximately 65% of the nation‘s population—it remains a neglected luxury. This study examines the widening "treatment gap," which persists between 60% and 72% as of 2025, driven by systemic shortages and sociocultural barriers. Employing a qualitative secondary data analysis of government reports (NMHS-2, MoHFW), academic literature (2020–2025), and international benchmarks, the research utilizes the "Three Delays" model to identify obstacles in care-seeking, reaching care, and receiving adequate treatment. Findings reveal a critical provider shortage, with only 0.75 psychiatrists per 100,000 people,
disproportionately concentrated in urban centers. Rural access is further stifled by high travel costs, pharmaceutical stock-outs, and a "digital divide" where limited smartphone penetration—especially among women (under 33%)—and poor connectivity hinder the efficacy of tele-health initiatives like Tele-MANAS. Socio-culturally, the hegemony of faith healers and the "social death sentence" associated with the stigma of pagalpan (madness) often lead to the somatization of mental distress. The study proposes a "Phygital" (Physical + Digital) policy framework and a Tri-Layered Model to bridge these gaps. Key recommendations include task-shifting to ASHA workers, integrating mental
health into general primary care, and creating "offline-first" digital tools in local dialects. By shifting the focus from centralized institutions to community-based empathy and literacy, India can transition from a "medical desert" to an inclusive mental healthcare ecosystem.

Keywords: Rural Mental Health; Treatment Gap; Tele-MANAS; Digital Divide; Socio-cultural Stigma

Paper Title:
LUXEMBURG’S CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND IMPERIALISM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR NEOCOLONIAL ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Khoirom Pamil Mangang
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18114551
Page No.:
174-179
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LUXEMBURG’S CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND IMPERIALISM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR NEOCOLONIAL ANALYSIS
Author: Khoirom Pamil Mangang

ABSTRACT
The 20th century was a turning point against colonialism and imperialism, as movements ranging from revolutionary violence to nonviolent resistance and cultural revivals mobilized across the globe to dismantle foreign domination. Rosa Luxemburg was one of the intellectual figures who articulated critiques of the empire. This paper explores the relevance of Luxemburg‟s theory of imperialism as a structural consequence of capitalist accumulation and its relevance for the analysis of contemporary neocolonialism and her extension of Marx‟s concept of primitive accumulation as an ongoing process that persists beyond formal decolonization. Her critique of nationalism and bourgeois-led independence movements is examined to show how political sovereignty can coexist with continued economic subordination, a condition central to neocolonial arrangements. The paper also examines her view on the viability of proletarian internationalism and mass action as the only counter to the
imperialist-capitalist system. By applying Luxemburg‟s insights to contemporary global inequalities and transnational capitalism, the paper demonstrates the continued analytical value of her thought for understanding neocolonial power relations and the limits of nationalist and reformist responses.

Keywords: Luxemburg, Capitalist Accumulation, Nationalism, Transnational Capitalism,
Neocolonialism

Paper Title:
CSR AND ETHICAL FINANCE: A FOCUS ON THE INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM (IKS)
Author Name:
Priya Arora
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18137194
Page No.:
180-182
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CSR AND ETHICAL FINANCE: A FOCUS ON THE INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM (IKS)
Author: Priya Arora

ABSTRACT
The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) represents a comprehensive framework of philosophical, ethical, cultural, and socio-economic principles that have evolved over centuries in India. Core concepts such as Dharma (righteous conduct), Seva (selfless service), and Ahimsa (non-violence) provide a strong moral foundation for responsible business practices. This paper examines how Indian Knowledge Systems support Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and ethical finance by encouraging sustainable decision-making, transparency, and the triple bottom line approach. The study analyses the CSR initiatives of Reliance Industries Limited to demonstrate the practical application of IKS principles in contemporary corporate governance. So, an organization needs to align traditional IKS with modern technology and innovation in order to promote integrity and work ethically. In this research paper, focus is on Reliance Industries which used IKS based CSR strategies and Ethical Financing for their companies to make a long-term survival and growth.

Keywords: Indian Knowledge System, Corporate Social Responsibility, Ethical Finance,
Dharma, Seva, Ahimsa

Paper Title:
REIMAGINING CSR AND ETHICAL FINANCE THROUGH INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
Author Name:
Bhavleen Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18137274
Page No.:
183-185
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REIMAGINING CSR AND ETHICAL FINANCE THROUGH INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
Author: Bhavleen Kaur

ABSTRACT
This study explores how Indigenous knowledge systems can transform modern interpretations of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and ethical finance. Although conventional CSR frameworks typically emphasize shareholder value and adherence to regulations, Indigenous perspectives provide relational, community-focused, and ecologically integrated viewpoints that contest prevailing financial models. This research investigates how principles like reciprocity, stewardship, and intergenerational
responsibility can guide the creation of more ethical and sustainable financial models through a critical analysis of case studies and Indigenous-led economic practices. The research utilizes a qualitative, interdisciplinary approach that merges literature review, discourse analysis, and Indigenous knowledge systems to redefine CSR not just as a corporate duty, but as a platform for decolonial participation and ethical change. The paper contends that prioritizing Indigenous knowledge presents a persuasive alternative to exploitative economic models, creating avenues for financial systems grounded in cultural integrity, sustainability, and social justice. This study adds to the expanding discussion on ethical finance, sustainability, and Indigenous revival, and seeks to connect scholarly research with actionable strategies for corporate and financial reform.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Ethical Finance, Indigenous Knowledge System, Sustainable Development, Community Engagement .

Paper Title:
THE EMERGING ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SHAPING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Author Name:
Anju Bala
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18358094
Page No.:
186-190
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THE EMERGING ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SHAPING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Author: Anju Bala

ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a central force in modern consumer markets, fundamentally altering how individuals search for information, evaluate alternatives, make purchase decisions, and interact with firms. AI-powered technologies, such as recommender systems, algorithmic pricing, chatbots, and generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), increasingly mediate consumer decisionmaking processes through personalization, automation, and predictive analytics. This paper examines
the emerging role of AI in shaping consumer behaviour from a global perspective. Drawing on interdisciplinary research from marketing, information systems, and policy studies, it analyses how AI influences consumer cognition, affect, and behaviour while also introducing new risks related to privacy, trust, manipulation, and inequality. The paper argues that AI’s effects on consumer behaviour are unevenly distributed across regions due to disparities in digital infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and data governance, contributing to a widening global digital divide. While AI offers significant benefits, including reduced search costs and enhanced customer experiences, its unchecked deployment may undermine consumer autonomy and welfare. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for ethical, transparent, and consumer-centric AI governance to ensure that AI-driven markets remain inclusive, competitive, and trustworthy worldwide.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, consumer behaviour, generative artificial intelligence, AI-driven personalization, recommender systems, digital marketing, algorithmic decision-making, customer experience, consumer trust, data privacy, ethical AI

Paper Title:
PANCHAYATH RAJ IN INDIA THE GREATEST EXPERIMENT IN DEMOCRACY EVER
Author Name:
Krishan Rajendra Bharath
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18337136
Page No.:
192-198
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PANCHAYATH RAJ IN INDIA THE GREATEST EXPERIMENT IN DEMOCRACY EVER
Author: Krishan Rajendra Bharath

ABSTRACT
An attempt is made in this paper is to analyse the Panchayath Raj in India the greatest experiment in democracy. Panchayati Raj in India, in terms of the size of the electrate, the number of grassroots institutions (about 2.4 lakh) the number of persons elected – 36 lakh in the Panchayats and Nagarpalikas, higher than the entire population of Norway – and in terms of the empowerment at the grassroots of women is the greatest experiment in democracy ever undertaken anywhere in the world or at any time in history. No less than 10 lakh women have been elected to our Panchayati Raj Institutions, constituting some 37 per cent of all those elected and rising to as high as 54% in Bihar
which has 50% reservations for women. There are also reservations for the scheduled castes, the scheduled tribes and the other backward classes in proportion to their share of the population in each panchayat area. An experiment on this scale is bound to have shortcomings and setbacks, and would need course correction. It is a social revolution that its founder in its present constitutional shape and from, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, once remarked would take at least a generation to fully unfold. But it is equally necessary to take stock of the successes achieved so far so as to invest this Review
and Appraisal with a sense of balance, proportion and perspective.

Keywords: PRIs, democracy and rural India.

Paper Title:
STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN AI-POWERED CROWD MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF KATARA CULTURAL VILLAGE, QATAR
Author Name:
Ilyas P A & Navdeep Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18337181
Page No.:
199-206
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STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN AI-POWERED CROWD MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF KATARA CULTURAL VILLAGE, QATAR
Author: Ilyas P A & Navdeep Kaur

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution for improving crowd control, safety, and service efficiency in high-density cultural destinations. However, successful implementation of AI-powered crowd management requires strong stakeholder readiness and supportive organizational conditions. This study examines stakeholder perceptions of the barriers and opportunities associated with implementing AI for crowd management at Katara Cultural Village, Qatar. A quantitative approach was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed to key stakeholder groups,
including management, security personnel, event coordinators, technical staff, and technology vendors. The findings reveal that stakeholders strongly recognize opportunities such as improved realtime monitoring, predictive congestion forecasting, faster emergency responsiveness, intelligent resource allocation, and enhanced destination image through smart tourism innovation. At the same time, significant barriers were identified, including high implementation and maintenance costs,
system integration challenges, limited workforce skills, privacy and ethical concerns, cybersecurity risks, and resistance to organizational change. The study concludes that AI crowd management should be approached as a strategic institutional transformation rather than only a technological upgrade, requiring capacity building, governance frameworks, and ethical readiness to ensure sustainable adoption. The study contributes to literature by providing stakeholder-based evidence from a real
cultural destination environment and offers practical implications for policymakers and destination managers aiming for responsible and scalable AI deployment.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Crowd Management; Stakeholder Perception; Barriers and Opportunities; Katara Cultural Village

Paper Title:
HOW AVIATION CAREERS ARE TALKED ABOUT IN OFFICIAL DISCOURSE: A DESCRIPTIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF INDIA'S CAREER GUIDANCE PROGRAM
Author Name:
Nancy Katiyar, Arvind Banger & Sanjay Bhushan
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18373274
Page No.:
207-229
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HOW AVIATION CAREERS ARE TALKED ABOUT IN OFFICIAL DISCOURSE: A DESCRIPTIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF INDIA'S CAREER GUIDANCE PROGRAM
Author: Nancy Katiyar, Arvind Banger & Sanjay Bhushan

ABSTRACT
Over the next 10 years, India's aviation industry will need more than 34,000 pilots, 15,000 aircraft maintenance engineers, and 5,000 air traffic controllers. The Aviation Career Guidance Program (ACGP) from the Ministry of Civil Aviation (launched in April 2025) shapes what young people want to do by disseminating official messages that emphasise passion, nation-building, leadership, and technology. (Ministry of Civil Aviation Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu Launches Aviation Career Guidance Programme at Indian Aviation Academy Inspires Students to Dream Sky-High, n.d.).
This descriptive content analysis of 184 text units from 35 documents (April–December 2025) identifies the main frames and gaps in messaging. (Ministry of Civil Aviation Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu Launches Aviation Career Guidance Programme at Indian Aviation Academy Inspires Students to Dream Sky-High, n.d.). The results show that aspirational messaging (68.5%) and passion-driven narratives (62.5%) are the most important, while safety responsibility (21.7%), social inclusivity for SC/ST/EWS groups (20.7%), and cost accessibility (17.9%) are the least important. There is a strong emphasis on gender inclusivity (45.7%), with women pilots being shown as role
models in many places. The analysis reveals an inspiring framing strategy that turns aviation from a far-off dream into a real -career. It does this by using metaphors like "offering wings" and "not just seeing a plane but being on it." However, the lack of emphasis on occupational-realism, cost-barriers, and social-equity suggests there is room for a more balanced-approach. The findings affect aviation education policy, curriculum development, & equitable workforce development initiatives.

Keywords: aviation careers, framing, India's youth, career guidance, content analysis, aspirational narratives, inclusivity, aviation education policy, ACGP, discourse analysis

Paper Title:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MENTAL HEALTH PROFILES IN HEALTHY-WEIGHT VS. OBESE WOMEN
Author Name:
Manisha Jamod
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18504776
Page No.:
230-232
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MENTAL HEALTH PROFILES IN HEALTHY-WEIGHT VS. OBESE WOMEN
Author: Manisha Jamod

ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was investigated to mental health among Normal and obesity women. The random sampling Method was used in this study. The total sample consisted 60 women. 30 of normal and 30 of obesity women from Bhanvnagar city. Along with the respective personal data sheet and Mental Health scale developed by Dr. Jagdish & Dr. A.K.shrivastav used from date collection. Data was analyzed by 't' test verify the hypothesis. The result shows that 't' value is 3.6 that is significant at 0.01 level. So, the hypothesis is not accepted. It means normal and obesity women was
very far difference between mental Health.

Key words: Mental health.

Paper Title:
AN ANALYSIS OF ICT-BASED E-LEARNING IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Author Name:
Balasubramanya P. S.
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18620942
Page No.:
233-238
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AN ANALYSIS OF ICT-BASED E-LEARNING IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Author: Balasubramanya P. S.

ABSTRACT:
This paper explains the ICT-based E-Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic with reference to European Union member countries. It follows the E-Learning priorities agreed by the European Union institutions and Member States during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study basically identifies the challenges posed by the need for quality and efficiency. There is a broad impression that the ICTbased E-Learning in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era is helping the learning process in schools and producing better results. Higher education is also reaping major benefits from ICT-based E-Learningduring Covid-19 Pandemic. The large companies and public administrations report good results from E-learning in the workplace in the era of Covid-19 Pandemic. However, it has had little effect on small and medium-sized enterprises. The digital divide, with its increased risk of social exclusion, is a growing concern, despite the potential of ICT-based E-Learning for disadvantaged learners during Covid-19 Pandemic. The experience presented in this paper appears to indicate a need for policies to focus on embedding ICT-based E-Learning tools in education systems for teaching and learning, for management and administration.

KEY WORDS: ICT, E-Learning, Covid-19 Pandemic, European Union, Lisbon treaty, National
Policy, Technological innovation, Digital divide.

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