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About the Journal – National Research Journal of Social Sciences

The National Research Journal of Social Sciences (ISSN: 2348-473X) is a biannual peer-reviewed refereed research journal dedicated to promoting high-quality research papers and scholarly work in the field of social sciences. The journal serves as a platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners to publish original research papers, review articles, and case studies covering a wide range of social science disciplines with fast track publication process. NRJSS is published every year (January-June) and (July-December)


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Since its inception, the National Research Journal of Social Sciences (ISSN: 2348-473X) has been committed to academic excellence, quality publication standards, and timely dissemination of research. With a wide readership among scholars, institutions, and libraries, the journal is an ideal forum for advancing debates and discussions in the social sciences and other relevant subjects.

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Current Issue

Year: 2026   Vol-11, No.2, July-Dec-2026

Paper Title WOMEN IN VEDIC ASSEMBLIES: SEPARATING MYTH FROM HISTORICAL EVIDENCE REGARDING THE SABHA AND SAMITI
Author Name Nazakat Hussain
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21214458
Page No. 1-5

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
WOMEN IN VEDIC ASSEMBLIES: SEPARATING MYTH FROM HISTORICAL EVIDENCE REGARDING THE SABHA AND SAMITI
Author: Nazakat Hussain

ABSTRACT
This research paper critically investigates the participation of women in the Vedic political and social assemblies known as the Sabha and Samiti during the early and later Vedic periods (approximately 1500–500 BCE). By rigorously analyzing primary sources from the Rigveda, Atharvaveda, and Brahmanas alongside a comprehensive historiographical survey, the study separates popular and nationalist myths of a gender-egalitarian “golden age” from the more nuanced historical evidence. The analysis reveals that while elite women enjoyed notable privileges in education, hymn composition, and certain ritual contexts, direct and unambiguous evidence for their regular, deliberative participation in the Sabha and Samiti is sparse and contextually limited. Stronger textual support exists for women’s involvement in the Vidatha assembly, particularly in religious, distributive, and communal functions. R.S. Sharma’s pioneering work highlights early tribal inclusivity that later gave way to patriarchal restrictions as society transitioned toward class-based monarchies. Feminist and gender-sensitive scholarship further underscores the elite bias of the sources and the decline in women’s public agency over time. The paper argues that the Sabha functioned primarily as an elite or judicial body with only exceptional references to “sabhavati” (women worthy of or present in the assembly), while the Samiti, as a broader folk assembly, offers even less explicit evidence of female participation. These findings contribute to a more accurate understanding of gender dynamics in early Indian polity, challenging both romanticized narratives and overly dismissive interpretations. The study emphasizes the importance of source criticism in ancient Indian historiography and suggests avenues for future research using comparative Indo-Iranian materials and refined textual analysis.

Keywords: Vedic period, Sabha, Samiti, Vidatha, assemblies, patriarchal structures, rishikas.

Paper Title APPRAISING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES FOR ACCOMPLISHING SUSTAINABLE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS GROWTH
Author Name Sham Bhaskar Jadhav , Harshada Aurangabadkar , Amit Arun Medhekar & Pratap Vasantrao Pawar
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21214375
Page No. 6-16

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
APPRAISING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES FOR ACCOMPLISHING SUSTAINABLE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS GROWTH
Author: Sham Bhaskar Jadhav , Harshada Aurangabadkar , Amit Arun Medhekar & Pratap Vasantrao Pawar

ABSTRACT
Cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a key enabler of international business expansion, offering businesses previously unheard-of opportunity to access worldwide markets while overcoming conventional operational and geographic limitations. However, companies must put into practice efficient strategies that tackle issues with logistics, digital infrastructure, payment systems, regulatory compliance, cultural differences, customer experience, and trust in order to achieve sustainable international business growth through cross-border e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to assess how well cross-border e-commerce tactics support long-term global company expansion. It looks at how important strategic factors, such as supply chain integration, digital market entry tactics, localization, technical innovation, customer relationship management, and data-driven decision-making, affect businesses' performance abroad. The study takes a quantitative approach, gathering information from companies who are actively involved in international e-commerce in a variety of industries. The links between strategic practices and sustainable business outcomes, including market expansion, customer retention, competitive advantage, financial performance, and long-term organizational resilience, are examined using statistical tools. The study emphasizes the significance of strategic capabilities in boosting global competitiveness and is based on resource-based theoretical perspectives and international marketing. It is anticipated that the results will show that companies using technology-enabled, integrated, and customer-focused cross-border e-commerce strategies outperform those using traditional internationalization techniques in terms of company success and long-term growth. Additionally, by identifying crucial success characteristics that support effective cross-border operations and bolster international market competitiveness, the research offers managers and policymakers useful insights. By providing a thorough framework for assessing cross-border e-commerce strategies and their effects on sustainable international business growth, the study adds to the body of knowledge already in existence and helps organizations create resilient, creative, and globally competitive business models in the rapidly changing digital economy.

Keywords: Cross-border E-commerce; Sustainable International Business Growth; International Marketing Strategy; Digital Market Entry; Supply Chain Integration; Customer Relationship Management; Global Competitiveness

Paper Title USER BEHAVIOUR OF STUDENTS TOWARDS LIBRARY SERVICES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Author Name G. Sabareesan , P.Thangavel
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21293925
Page No. 17-25

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
USER BEHAVIOUR OF STUDENTS TOWARDS LIBRARY SERVICES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Author: G. Sabareesan , P.Thangavel

ABSTRACT
Libraries in higher educational institutions have evolved from traditional repositories of books into dynamic learning environments that provide access to print, electronic, and digital information resources. Undergraduate and postgraduate students constitute the primary users of these services, and their behaviour towards library usage significantly influences the effectiveness of academic support services. Understanding students' information needs, resource preferences, frequency of library visits, and satisfaction levels is essential for improving library services and promoting academic excellence. This article examines the user behaviour of undergraduate and postgraduate students towards library services in higher educational institutions by reviewing existing literature, identifying the factors influencing library usage, and discussing strategies for enhancing library services. The study highlights that digital literacy, accessibility of electronic resources, quality of services, infrastructure, and librarian support are major determinants of library usage. The findings emphasize the need for user-centric library services that meet the evolving academic and research requirements of students.

Keywords: User behaviour, Undergraduate students, Postgraduate students, Library services, Information-seeking behaviour

Paper Title FROM DEEWAAR TO ANIMAL: THE EVOLUTION OF MALE ANGER AND MASCULINITY IN SELECTED HINDI CINEMA
Author Name Priyanka Chakraborty
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21389902
Page No. 26-40

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
FROM DEEWAAR TO ANIMAL: THE EVOLUTION OF MALE ANGER AND MASCULINITY IN SELECTED HINDI CINEMA
Author: Priyanka Chakraborty

ABSTRACT
For years, to express social tensions, generational frustrations, and changing ideals of masculinity, Hindi cinema has historically used male anger as a core narrative and emotional vehicle. From the `angry young man` of the 1970s to the present-day towering figures of disturbing hyper-masculinity, representations of male anger have changed with India’s socio-economic changes. This chapter examines the trajectory of male anger and masculinity in Hindi popular cinema from the 1970s to the present. Starting with the rise of the “angry young man” in Amitabh Bachchan starrers like Deewaar and Zanjeer, this chapter explores how cinematic masculinity has historically indexed and reflected larger socio-political concerns of unemployment, corruption, and institutional failure in post-Emergency India. The chapter will then go on to juxtapose this earlier figure of socially engaged anger with more contemporary depictions of hyper-masculine heroes in films like Kabir Singh and Animal, starring Shahid Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor. While the anger of the 1970s hero was socially engaged, more contemporary figures are increasingly exemplars of a form of individualized and performative “alpha masculinity.” Through a close engagement with the scholarship on masculinity studies and popular cinema, this chapter argues that this shift is symptomatic of larger cultural shifts in India associated with liberalization, consumer culture, and shifting gender politics. Through this examination of the trajectory from Deewaar to Animal, this chapter will show how Hindi cinema continues to engage with male identity, authority, and emotional expression across generations.
Keywords : Masculinity ,Male Anger, Hindi Cinema, ,Gender Representation, Patriarchy

Paper Title IMPACT OF INFLATION ON HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW
Author Name Gangadhara. R.
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21410132
Page No. 41-56

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
IMPACT OF INFLATION ON HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW
Author: Gangadhara. R.

ABSTRACT
Inflation is one of the most significant macroeconomic challenges affecting the economic well-being of households in India. Persistent increases in the general price level reduce the purchasing power of consumers and influence their spending behaviour, savings, and overall standard of living. This study examines the impact of inflation on household consumption in India using secondary data collected from official publications of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), the Economic Survey of India, the National Sample Survey (NSS), the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design to evaluate trends in inflation and household consumption expenditure across rural and urban India. It explores the effects of food inflation, fuel price fluctuations, and core inflation on consumption patterns, particularly among low- and middle-income households. The study also reviews existing literature to identify major determinants influencing household consumption under inflationary conditions. The findings indicate that sustained inflation significantly erodes real income, alters household expenditure priorities, reduces discretionary spending, and increases financial vulnerability. The study further highlights the importance of effective monetary and fiscal policies in maintaining price stability while protecting household welfare. Appropriate policy measures, including inflation targeting, strengthening public distribution systems, improving agricultural productivity, and expanding social protection programmes, are essential for sustaining household consumption and promoting inclusive economic growth in India.

Keywords: Inflation, Household Consumption, Consumer Price Index, Purchasing Power, Inflation Targeting, Food Inflation, India.

Paper Title MEASURING THE REGIME-SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR OF UNEMPLOYMENT THROUGH THE LENS OF GLOBAL UNCERTAINTIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE SELECT BRICS ECONOMIES
Author Name Raktim Ghosh
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21504526
Page No. 57- 72

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
MEASURING THE REGIME-SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR OF UNEMPLOYMENT THROUGH THE LENS OF GLOBAL UNCERTAINTIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE SELECT BRICS ECONOMIES
Author: Raktim Ghosh

ABSTRACT
This study considers quarterly closing data of unemployment rates and the world uncertainty index from the select BRICS economies during the study period from Q1 1994 to Q4 2025, with 128 sample observations, to study the dynamic relationship between the global uncertainties and the unemployment rates from the BRICS economies along with the regime-switching behaviour of unemployment rates as a result of the world uncertainty index. The JB test confirms the non-normality of the dataset, whereas the ADF test confirms stationarity of the dataset at the first difference. Moreover, the quantile regression model approves the dynamic non-linear relationship between unemployment and WUI. Furthermore, the MRS model discloses that at times of high uncertainty, unemployment sensitivity increases most in South Africa and India, followed by China and Brazil. Although Russia demonstrated an inverse scenario, indicating presence of strong strategic policies can play a crucial role in mitigating the adversities of global uncertainties.

Keywords: Unemployment, Global Uncertainties, Quantile Regression, Markov, BRICS

Paper Title स्तन कैंसर जागरूकता और स्वयंसेवी संस्था
Author Name प्रतिभा जे. मिश्रा , आराधना त्रिपाठी
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21455917
Page No. 73- 76

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
स्तन कैंसर जागरूकता और स्वयंसेवी संस्था
Author: प्रतिभा जे. मिश्रा , आराधना त्रिपाठी

सारांश
स्तन कैंसर के विरुद्ध लड़ाई में स्वयंसेवी संस्थाओं (NGO) की भूमिका अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण और अपरिहार्य है। सरकारी तंत्र की सीमाओं को देखते हुए, गैर-सरकारी संगठन जमीनी स्तर पर जागरूकता, जांच, उपचार सहायता और पुनर्वास के क्षेत्र में अग्रणी भूमिका निभाते हैं। इस शोध पत्र में स्तन कैंसर जागरूकता के संदर्भ में स्वयंसेवी संस्थाओं के स्वरूप, कार्यप्रणाली, उपलब्धियों और चुनौतियों का विस्तृत अध्ययन किया गया है। शोध यह प्रमाणित करता है कि NGO की सहभागिता से स्तन कैंसर के प्रारंभिक निदान की दर में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि होती है और महिलाओं में स्वास्थ्य जागरूकता सशक्त होती है।

मूल शब्द: स्वयंसेवी संस्था, NGO, जागरूकता, सामुदायिक स्वास्थ्य, स्क्रीनिंग शिविर, स्वयं सहायता समूह, पीयर एजुकेशन

Paper Title A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE NOMOPНОВІС BEHAVIOUR AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGE, THRISSUR
Author Name Rinu James, Ria James, Riny Paul, Riya Jose, Rose K Joy , Sandhra A S , Sangeetha Stanly, Veena.K.D , Aishwarya Harichandran
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21468176
Page No. 77-86

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE NOMOPНОВІС BEHAVIOUR AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGE, THRISSUR
Author: Rinu James, Ria James, Riny Paul, Riya Jose, Rose K Joy , Sandhra A S , Sangeetha Stanly, Veena.K.D , Aishwarya Harichandran

ABSTRACT
The descriptive study conducted to assess the nomophobic behaviour among college students in selected college, Thrissur. The objectives of the study was to assess the nomophobic behaviour among college students and find out the association between nomophobic behaviour and selected socio-demographic variables. The study was conducted in Mother College of Nursing, Thrissur. In this study, the population refer to the students in first year and second year BSc. Nursing. The research approach selected for the study was quantitative non experimental approach with descriptive design. The convenient sampling technique was used to select 100 students of Mother College of Nursing. Thrissur. A structured questionnaire and rating scale was used to collect the data. The research showed that among 9% of the students were of severe nomophobic behaviour, 39% of students were of mild and moderate nomophobic behaviour each, 13% of students were of not at all nomophobic behaviour. There was significant association with marital status and nomophobic behaviour.

Keywords: Nomophobic behaviour, college students

Paper Title AN INTEGRATED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING ENTREPRENEURS' AWARENESS AND ADOPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS
Author Name K Rajendran
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21505000
Page No. 87- 96

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
AN INTEGRATED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING ENTREPRENEURS' AWARENESS AND ADOPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS
Author: K Rajendran

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology that is reshaping business operations across industries. Entrepreneurs increasingly rely on AI tools to improve decision-making, automate routine tasks, enhance customer engagement, and gain a competitive advantage. However, the level of awareness and adoption of AI tools varies considerably among entrepreneurs due to differences in knowledge, technological readiness, financial capacity, and organizational support. The article examines the major factors influencing the awareness and adoption of AI tools among entrepreneurs. It discusses the benefits of AI, the challenges faced during adoption, and the strategies required to promote AI usage among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study highlights that improving digital literacy, reducing implementation costs, strengthening government support, and providing training programs can significantly enhance AI adoption among entrepreneurs.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI Tools, Entrepreneurs, Awareness, Technology Adoption, Digital Transformation and Innovation.

Paper Title INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS OF GEN Z CONSUMERS IN RAJASTHAN
Author Name Lalita Jigar Shah & Narendra Singh Goyal
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22268428
Page No. 97-111

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS OF GEN Z CONSUMERS IN RAJASTHAN
Author: Lalita Jigar Shah & Narendra Singh Goyal

ABSTRACT
Rapid development of social media affects consumer behaviors like information search, products assessment and product purchases. The young generations born and grew in digital era - consumers of generation z is one of most engaged social networking site. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of important social networking sites on the purchase decision of consumer of generation z in Rajasthan and to reveal which social media platforms have major role to make customer decision of generation z regarding their purchases on some major platforms including Instagram, You Tube, Facebook, snapchat & X. For study a descriptive research design was used. Primary data collected with structured questionnaire for Gen Z. The study explores correlation between social networking use and purchase decision of gen Z and identifies the major contributing platform behind purchase decision. Results revealed that social media plays crucial role to take a decision. Social media provide valuable information about brands/ products, online reviews, recommendations from their friend and celebrities or even brand sponsored ad campaigns which helps consumer in buying products from all the social media platforms mentioned. Especially with use of visual and interactive content from all social media the generation z will be much in Buying. This research will have significant value to the businesses/marketers and advertisers that want to enhance their digital advertising strategy in young consumer group. The research also adds a valuable chapter to literature in terms of the research into consumerism behaviour on the digital environment.

Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Gen Z Consumers, Purchase Decision, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Rajasthan.

Paper Title MENTAL HEALTH CHALLENGES AMONG GENERATION Z: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author Name RAVIKUMAR K.
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21767423
Page No. 112- 120

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
MENTAL HEALTH CHALLENGES AMONG GENERATION Z: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author: RAVIKUMAR K.

ABSTRACT
This article examines the escalating mental health crisis among Generation Z (born 1997–2012) not as a series of isolated clinical failures, but as a profound sociological phenomenon rooted in structural and technological transformation. Drawing exclusively on secondary data from peer-reviewed journals (2022–2026), doctoral dissertations, and large-scale epidemiological studies across North America, Europe, and Asia, the analysis reveals that Gen Z exhibits significantly higher rates of anxiety, depression, and self-harm compared to Generation X and Boomers specifically 30% anxiety prevalence in Hong Kong Gen Z versus 14.3% for Gen X (Hong Kong Generational Study, 2026). While clinical psychology often frames this distress as individualized pathology, this article argues that the crisis reflects the contradictions of digital capitalism, neoliberal individualism, and what Bauman termed "liquid modernity." By applying Sociological Stress Theory and concepts of Neoliberal Governmentality, the paper finds that Gen Z’s suffering is a rational response to systemic precarity: the erosion of stable careers, algorithmic social comparison, and the demand for "individualized solutions to systemic contradictions." The article concludes that therapeutic interventions alone are insufficient; instead, structural interventions involving economic security, digital platform regulation, and the rebuilding of solid social institutions are required to reverse the trend.

Keywords: Generation Z, Mental Health Crisis, Sociological Perspective, Liquid Modernity, Digital Capitalism

Paper Title A HISTORICAL STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDIA: FROM ANCIENT EDUCATIONAL TRADITIONS TO THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020
Author Name Jagdeep Kumar , Pankaj Kalyan
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22268657
Page No. 121-127

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
A HISTORICAL STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDIA: FROM ANCIENT EDUCATIONAL TRADITIONS TO THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020
Author: Jagdeep Kumar , Pankaj Kalyan

ABSTRACT
The development of education in India represents an unstoppable and active process formed by cultural connection, social and political transformations, and financial changes across historical periods. This paper critically examines the route of Indian education from ancient educational traditions to the reforms introduced under the National Education Policy 2020. Ancient Indian education emphasized over-all holistic development, moral ethical values, and first hand experimental learning deep-rooted in spiritual idealistic philosophical traditions. The medieval time period introduced a pluralistic educational process influenced by Islamic culture, while the British colonial time period marked an influential change toward Western-oriented education systems, basically changing the overall structure and objectives of education. Post-independence reforms mainly focused on democratization, growth and modernization of education but persistent challenges such as inequality, quality in teaching learning process, and lack of relevance remained. The National Education Policy 2020 represents an allover reform focused at restructuring the education system to meet current global need and requirement while drawing upon India’s indigenous knowledge systems. Using a review-based historical methodology, this study highlights continuity and transformation in Indian education. It argues that NEP 2020 reflects a combination of traditional educational values and modern policy. The paper contributes to bridging the gap between historical educational process and National Education policy 2020.

Keywords: Indian Education, Educational Transformation, Indigenous Traditions, Colonial Education, Educational Policy, NEP 2020, Historical Analysis

Paper Title DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN PUNJAB: LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY CHALLENGES
Author Name Aishwarya Kanwar
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22268763
Page No. 128-134

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN PUNJAB: LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY CHALLENGES
Author: Aishwarya Kanwar

ABSTRACT
Punjab, an international border state in north-western India, has for over two decades been characterised as one of the epicentres of India's narcotics crisis. This paper undertakes a doctrinal and policy-analytical review of drug law enforcement in Punjab under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985, examining how legal architecture, institutional capacity and public policy interact to shape enforcement outcomes. Drawing on statutory provisions, reported rulings of the Punjab and Haryana High Court, the study traces the evolution of enforcement institutions from the Special Task Force to the Anti-Narcotics Task Force (ANTF). Results show that while reported conviction rates under the NDPS Act increased significantly between 2022 and 2026, case registrations decreased during about the same time period, raising concerns about the accuracy of enforcement statistics. The analysis identifies four recurring challenges: judicially noted investigative weaknesses and a suspected police–accused nexus in bail proceedings; a persistent bias toward prosecuting low-level peddlers rather than organised trafficking networks; unresolved tension between the Act's punitive architecture and harm-reduction interventions such as opioid substitution therapy; and the rapid growth of cross-border drone-based trafficking that has outpaced existing coordination mechanisms. The study argues that legal reform, institutional retraining, professionalisation policy should be undertaken together, rather than as alternatives, to ensure that enforcement improvements result to a sustainable decline in the underlying narcotics problem.

Keywords: NDPS Act 1985; Punjab; drug law enforcement; narcotics policy; harm reduction; Anti-Narcotics Task Force; NCORD; cross-border trafficking; opioid substitution therapy

Paper Title AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF RECONCILING THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN AND THE RIGHT TO KNOW IN INDIA THROUGH PRIVACY, TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLIC INTEREST
Author Name Jyoti , Ashok Kumar Sonkar
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22268884
Page No. 135-150

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF RECONCILING THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN AND THE RIGHT TO KNOW IN INDIA THROUGH PRIVACY, TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLIC INTEREST
Author: Jyoti , Ashok Kumar Sonkar

ABSTRACT
Recent advances in technology have revolutionized how information is created, collected and shared. This newfound interconnectedness has led to tension between people’s right to privacy and societal interests including transparency and access to information. This essay looks at how Indian constitutional and legal doctrine can balance two conflicting concerns, the Right to Know and the Right to Be Forgotten. The Right to Information Act of 2005, the Information Technology Act of 2000, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023, and the legal developments surrounding the Right to be Forgotten thru significant rulings like Justice K. S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu, Subhranshu Rout v. State of Odisha, and Jorawar Singh Mundy v. Union of India are all examined. We also compare the approaches of EU, UK, US and India towards these two rights. Our review of developments in this field leads us to conclude that privacy and access to information are not absolutes. We present a Privacy–Transparency–Public Interest Framework rooted in principles of proportionality, necessity, public interest, accuracy/relevance of information, status of the individual, likelihood of harm and historical significance to offer courts, regulators, and online platforms a contextual approach when balancing these interests.

Keywords: Right to Be Forgotten, Right to Know, Privacy, Transparency, Public Interest, Informational Privacy, Proportionality, Freedom of Expression, Digital Personal Data Protection, Right to Information, India.

Paper Title TRENDS OF FDI IN INDIA AND RELATION BETWEEN FDI AND GDP
Author Name Kamal Dudave
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22269110
Page No. 151-157

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TRENDS OF FDI IN INDIA AND RELATION BETWEEN FDI AND GDP
Author: Kamal Dudave

ABSTRACT
FDI plays a very importance role in the development of the countries. It is also plays a importance role in the case of developing and under developing countries like as India. It is very importance for long-run development of economy. It is a source of foreign capital. It is also provided new technology for domestic market. It plays an important role in the long-term development of a country not only as a source of capital but also for enhancing competitiveness of the domestic economy through transfer of technology, strengthening infrastructure, raising productivity and generating new employment opportunities. In India, FDI is considered as a developmental tool, which helps in achieving self-reliance in various sectors and in overall development of the economy. India after adopting liberalization and globalization policy in 1991, there was a massive increase in the flow of foreign direct investment. In this paper I have tried to analyses the Foreign Direct Investment inflows in India and its relation with Indian GDP. This research study is based on secondary data.

Paper Title UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR AMONG WORKING WOMEN IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR OF UTTAR PRADESH
Author Name Smita Verma , Vipin Bihari Srivastava
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22269256
Page No. 158-175

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UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR AMONG WORKING WOMEN IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR OF UTTAR PRADESH
Author: Smita Verma , Vipin Bihari Srivastava

ABSTRACT
Financial Literacy means understanding of the financial skills of an individual, whereas investment behaviour refers to understanding the attitude or behaviour of an individual while making any investment decision. Both terms play a significant role in the concept of finance. This paper attempts to understand the influence of financial literacy on investment behaviour among the women working in the higher education sector of Uttar Pradesh. The data was obtained through distribution of questionnaires to women working in public and private universities of Uttar Pradesh and the sample size was 450.Factors of financial literacy were identified through factor analysis and the analysis of the collected data was done through Karl Pearson’s Correlation and multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The findings revealed that seven factors were extracted from financial literacy and most of them had a positive relationship with investment behaviour and that significantly proved to improve the ability to predict investment behaviour.

Keywords: Financial Literacy, factors, working women, Influence, Investment, Investment Behaviour

Paper Title INDIA AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES
Author Name Prabhavathi M. C.
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21993322
Page No. 176-182

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INDIA AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES
Author: Prabhavathi M. C.

ABSTRACT
As India’s census is going on and projected population may be around 1.5 billion people, recent report gave us the good news that India has jumped into top 100 for Sustainable development. India scored 99th spot scoring 67 out of 100. NITI Aayog’s domestic SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) India has also seen improvement. However, when dug deep into the performance of Indian as a whole and Indian states comparing with each other, it gives us different picture as few developed states especially south states have outperformed in achieving SDGs. This paper gives us certain insights on how few states are still lagging behind in achieving SDGs and facing certain challenges to achieve SDGs. This paper allows us to understand reason behind India’s achievement in SDGs, at the same time challenges lying ahead specially related to gender equality, income inequality, hunger and issues related to climate change specially with reference to Indian states. The objective of this paper is to understand India’s trend in achieving Sustainable Development goals, at the same time to understand overall performance between states which shows huge gap between Developed states like Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, when compared with less developed states like Jharkand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh etc., SDG are a set of 17 goals and 169 targets to be achieved by 2030 is a long road ahead.

Paper Title LIVING ON THE MARGINS: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE VALMIKI COMMUNITY IN JAMMU
Author Name Sonali Gupta, Niranjna Bhandari
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22269374
Page No. 183- 186

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LIVING ON THE MARGINS: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE VALMIKI COMMUNITY IN JAMMU
Author: Sonali Gupta, Niranjna Bhandari

ABSTRACT
The Valmiki community, primarily associated with the Dalit caste, has historically been marginalized from the mainstream societal structures in India. In the Jammu region, this community represents the most marginalized social groups in various social, economic, and political spheres due to the presence of Article 370 and 35A which gives special status and citizenship rights to the permanent residents of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir. This study aims to explore the systematic exclusion of the Valmikis who migrated from Punjab region to Jammu in 1957 and were confined to sanitation work only. Through qualitative research, including interviews with 50 members of the Valmiki community, the study uncovers the lived experiences of marginalization and other issues and problems faced by them in Jammu. It also explores the implications of this marginalization for social cohesion and regional development. The study highlights the need for policies that ensure equitable access to resources and opportunities for the Valmiki community and urges the state and civil society to address the deep-rooted prejudices and barriers, ensuring that the Valmiki community no longer remains beyond the margins of society.

Keywords: Valmiki Community, Marginalization, Sanitation, Discrimination, Dalit, Jammu

Paper Title VEDIC PHILOSOPHY AND CONTEMPORARY WORLD: AN ETHICAL STUDY
Author Name Ratul Borah
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22269418
Page No. 187-192

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VEDIC PHILOSOPHY AND CONTEMPORARY WORLD: AN ETHICAL STUDY
Author: Ratul Borah

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the ethical relevance of Vedic philosophy to the moral, ecological, and social challenges confronting the contemporary world. Rooted in the Vedas, Upanishads, and allied schools of Indian thought, Vedic philosophy articulates a vision of reality in which the individual self (atman), the cosmic order (Rta), moral law (dharma), and universal consciousness (Brahman) are intimately interconnected. Central ethical concepts such as dharma, karma, ahimsa, satya, and the ideal of vasudhaiva kutumbakam ("the world is one family") offer a framework of duty-based, relational, and ecologically sensitive ethics that stands in productive contrast to purely rights-based or utilitarian paradigms dominant in modern Western moral philosophy. The paper explores how these principles can inform contemporary debates on environmental sustainability, social justice, technological ethics, and mental well-being, while also acknowledging the interpretive and social tensions surrounding the application of ancient texts to modern pluralistic societies. Through a critical and comparative method, the study argues that Vedic ethics, when read non-dogmatically and in dialogue with contemporary moral concerns, provides valuable conceptual resources for cultivating a more holistic, responsible, and compassionate global ethic. The paper concludes that the enduring value of Vedic philosophy lies not in literal doctrinal revival but in its capacity to enrich contemporary ethical discourse through its emphasis on interconnectedness, self-restraint, and duty toward the whole of existence.

Keywords: Vedic philosophy, dharma, karma, ahimsa, environmental ethics, comparative ethics, contemporary morality, Rta

Paper Title HYDRO POLITICS IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS: INDUS WATER TREATY SUSPENSION AND ITS IMPACT ON JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Author Name Vivek Sumberia
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22269573
Page No. 193-199

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HYDRO POLITICS IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS: INDUS WATER TREATY SUSPENSION AND ITS IMPACT ON JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Author: Vivek Sumberia

ABSTRACT
India and Pakistan signed the Indus Water Treaty on 19 September 1960. The treaty divides the waters of the Indus River Basin between India and Pakistan. The treaty assigned approximately 80 percent of the basin’s flows to Pakistan through exclusive rights over the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab). The eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej) were assigned to India. Despite the treaty being unfavourable to India, India honoured it throughout the turbulent history of relations between India and Pakistan. On 22nd April 2025, terrorists sponsored by Pakistan attacked tourists in Pahalgam and killed 26 of them. On 23 April 2025 India decided to hold the treaty in abeyance. As an upper riparian state, India holds sway over the distribution and flow of water. Pakistan is heavily dependent on the Indus River system for irrigation and drinking purposes. Three of the six rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab) over which Pakistan has exclusive rights flow through J&K. Jammu and Kashmir is already the flashpoint of the India-Pakistan conflict. The abeyance of the treaty impacts the geopolitics of both countries, and Jammu and Kashmir is in the middle. This paper explores the geopolitical implications of this decision for India and Jammu and Kashmir.

Keywords: Indus Water Treaty, Hydro politics, Western Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir.

Paper Title INDIA-USA BILATERAL RELATIONS SINCE 2005
Author Name Simranjeet Singh , Mohinder Kumar
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22269717
Page No. 200-208

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INDIA-USA BILATERAL RELATIONS SINCE 2005
Author: Simranjeet Singh , Mohinder Kumar

ABSTRACT
This article examines the evolution of Indo–US bilateral relations since 2005, focusing on major areas of cooperation such as defence, trade, nuclear energy, technology, and counter-terrorism. It analyses the key developments that have transformed India and the United States from strategic partners to comprehensive global partners. The article also highlights major challenges and differences in the relationship. It argues that despite certain areas of disagreement, growing strategic and economic interests have strengthened Indo–US bilateral relations and made them increasingly significant in contemporary international politics.

Keywords: USA, Cold War, Nuclear, IAEA, NPT, CTBT,

Paper Title BEYOND THE VERDICT: LIVELIHOOD TRANSITIONS IN POST-ACQUISITION SINGUR
Author Name Arjun Mukherjee
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22269784
Page No. 209-218

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BEYOND THE VERDICT: LIVELIHOOD TRANSITIONS IN POST-ACQUISITION SINGUR
Author: Arjun Mukherjee

ABSTRACT
The struggle against land acquisition in Singur became one of India’s most prominent conflict over industrialisation, agricultural land and development-induced displacement. While the Supreme Court judgment of 2016 restored ownership of the acquired land to farmers, the long-term consequences of the acquisition for the people affected by it remained insufficiently examined. This paper studies these consequences through qualitative fieldwork conducted in Khasherberi; one of the most severely affected villages during the acquisition process. Drawing on in-depth interviews with landed and landless households, the study examines changes in operational holdings, agricultural livelihoods, women’s work and the impact of post-acquisition compensation and welfare measures. The findings reveal a significant gap between the restoration of landownership and the restoration of agricultural livelihoods. Much of the returned land remains uncultivable or difficult to cultivate because of industrial debris, concrete structures, ecological changes and the costs associated with land rehabilitation. Consequently, operational holdings have declined even where ownership has been restored. The reduction in cultivable land has weakened agriculture as a source of livelihood and food security, while pushing both landed and landless households towards insecure non-farm occupations. The study further demonstrates that these transformations have distinct gendered consequences. Women who previously participated in cultivation, livestock management and pre- and post-harvest activities have experienced a loss of such roles and mobility, with few transitioning towards poorly paid and physically demanding home-based work. The findings suggest that displacement must therefore be understood beyond physical relocation or legal dispossession. The Singur case demonstrates how land acquisition can generate prolonged economic, ecological and gendered displacement even after land has formally been returned.

Keywords: Singur; land acquisition; development-induced displacement; rural livelihoods; women’s agricultural labour; West Bengal

Paper Title ROLE CONFLICT AND STRESS MANAGEMENT AMONG URBAN WORKING WOMEN IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO BENGALURU: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author Name Deepa S V , Vinitha Pandey
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22191873
Page No. 219-226

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ROLE CONFLICT AND STRESS MANAGEMENT AMONG URBAN WORKING WOMEN IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO BENGALURU: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author: Deepa S V , Vinitha Pandey

The healthcare sector demands continuous professional commitment, emotional labour, and long working hours, making work–life integration particularly challenging for women healthcare professionals. Urban working women in Bengaluru frequently experience multiple role expectations arising from professional, familial, and societal responsibilities. This paper develops a theoretical framework integrating Role Conflict Theory with Stress and Coping Theory, Job Demand–Resources Theory, and Conservation of Resources Theory to explain how multiple role demands influence occupational stress and well-being among women employed in hospitals and healthcare institutions. The study proposes a conceptual model identifying organizational support, emotional intelligence, coping strategies, and work–life balance as mediating and moderating mechanisms. The paper contributes to organizational behaviour and healthcare management literature by contextualizing role conflict within India's rapidly expanding urban healthcare ecosystem and offers implications for policy, organizational interventions, and future empirical research.

Keywords: Role conflict, Stress management, Healthcare sector, Urban working women, Bengaluru, Work–life balance, Organizational behaviour.

Paper Title SOCIAL AND POLITICAL MOBILIZATION IN TELANGANA: THE FORMATION OF A SEPARATE STATE (2009–2014)
Author Name Boga Srinu
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22326869
Page No. 227-240

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SOCIAL AND POLITICAL MOBILIZATION IN TELANGANA: THE FORMATION OF A SEPARATE STATE (2009–2014)
Author: Boga Srinu

This paper examines the dynamics of social and political mobilization that culminated in the creation of Telangana as India’s twenty-ninth state on 2 June 2014. Drawing on social movement theory, resource mobilization frameworks, and regional political economy, the study traces the evolution of the Telangana movement from the early agitations of 1969 through the decisive legislative phase of 2009–2014. The paper argues that the formation of Telangana was not merely a political event engineered by electoral parties, but rather the outcome of a sustained, multi-layered mobilization involving students, civil society organizations, Joint Action Committees (JACs), cultural activists, caste associations, and labour groups. The study foregrounds the roles of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), student organisations and the JAC platforms in sustaining momentum across six decades of intermittent agitation. Theoretically, the paper engages with Charles Tilly’s resource mobilization model, Rokkan’s cleavage-structure framework, and Langman’s five-element theory of social mobilization to explain the movement’s resilience and eventual success. The findings suggest that effective political mobilization requires not only organizational infrastructure but also the fusion of emotive identity politics with substantive developmental grievances. The Telangana case offers significant comparative lessons for sub-national movements seeking statehood within democratic federal systems.

Keywords: Telangana, Social Mobilization, Political Mobilization, Statehood Movement, Regionalism

Paper Title BREWING CONTINUITY IN AN URBAN TIWA SETTLEMENT: PRODUCTION, COST, WOMEN'S WORK, AND THE CULTURAL MEANING OF ZU IN BETKUCHI LALUNG GAON, ASSAM
Author Name Janarddan Deka, Nishika Dey
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22629564
Page No. 241-250

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BREWING CONTINUITY IN AN URBAN TIWA SETTLEMENT: PRODUCTION, COST, WOMEN'S WORK, AND THE CULTURAL MEANING OF ZU IN BETKUCHI LALUNG GAON, ASSAM
Author: Janarddan Deka, Nishika Dey

This paper examines the making of Zu, the traditional rice beer of the Plain Tiwas, in Betkuchi Lalung Gaon, an urban-adjacent settlement in Kamrup Metropolitan, Assam. Fieldwork from approximately 25 January to 10 February 2025 combined household survey, observation, interviews, case studies, and group discussion in 25 of 37 recorded households; respondents comprised 10 men and 15 women. It considers the brewing process alongside women's labour, household expenditure, ritual practice, social exchange, intergenerational learning, and change. Women undertake production by preparing or obtaining Bakhor starter cakes, processing and cooling the rice, adding the starter, monitoring fermentation, filtering the beverage, judging its quality, and managing household sales. Brewing knowledge is acquired through observation and participation within families, while the timing of fermentation depends on season and the judgment of experienced brewers. Zu continues to be used in hospitality, ancestral offerings, festivals, and life-cycle rites. At the same time, limited space, reported legal constraints, scarcity of plants, education, and changing preferences have altered the conditions under which it is made. The economic records require cautious interpretation. Inputs for a five-kilogram batch are reported to cost Rs. 480, whereas the stated yield and price indicate gross receipts of Rs. 200–300; the reported monthly earnings of Rs. 2,000–3,000 cannot therefore be identified as verified profit. The findings show that brewing in Betkuchi Lalung Gaon remains a form of gendered knowledge and cultural work as well as a household economic activity, sustained through adaptation rather than the unchanged repetition of tradition.

Keywords: Tiwa; rice beer (Zu); women's work; indigenous knowledge; household economy; cultural continuity

Paper Title UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE-INDUCED MIGRATION: A GEOGRAPHIC REVIEW
Author Name Deepak
Country India
Page No. 251-255

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UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE-INDUCED MIGRATION: A GEOGRAPHIC REVIEW
Author: Deepak

It is becoming harder to survive in certain areas due to the adverse impacts of climate change, forcing individuals to move in search of other safe zones. Such issues as increased temperature, floods, droughts, and rising sea levels are destroying agricultural land, houses and sources of water, making many to leave for more sustainable locations (Myers, 2002). Therefore, this paper gives an overview of scientific studies on climate migration viewed from the geographic point of view, addressing the issue of where individuals move from, where they move to, and the reasons why certain regions are more impacted than others. Specifically, the causes of migration caused by climate changes are discussed (Piguet, 2010). Furthermore, this work addresses the methods used by geographers in research and analysis of climate migration issues (Piguet, 2010). Finally, solutions of how to minimize the negative effects of climate migration on individuals are addressed, as well as the measures needed to be taken in advance (IOM, 2009). Thus, this review paper shows that climate migration is not only environmental, but also a geographic and social issue, which is determined by geography of the region and its readiness to deal with those problems.

Keywords: climate-induced migration; environmental displacement; human geography; migration patterns; climate change

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