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About the Journal – National Research Journal of Social Sciences

The National Research Journal of Social Sciences (ISSN: 2348-473X) is a biannual peer-reviewed refereed research journal dedicated to promoting high-quality research papers and scholarly work in the field of social sciences. The journal serves as a platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners to publish original research papers, review articles, and case studies covering a wide range of social science disciplines with fast track publication process. NRJSS is published every year (January-June) and (July-December)


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Current Issue

Year: 2026   Volume-11, (Special Issue: March 2026)

Paper Title MULTIDISCIPLINARY LEADERSHIP IN SOFTWARE COMPANIES: AWARENESS, IMPACT, CHALLENGES, AND EFFECTIVENESS
Author Name Indira P E
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19203886
Page No. 1-10

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
MULTIDISCIPLINARY LEADERSHIP IN SOFTWARE COMPANIES: AWARENESS, IMPACT, CHALLENGES, AND EFFECTIVENESS
Author: Indira P E

ABSTRACT
The software industry is characterized by rapid technological evolution, increasing customer expectations, and intense global competition. These dynamics of software industry demand leadership approaches that are capable of integrating diverse disciplinary expertise to sustain innovation, enhance adaptability, and maintain competitive edge. Multidisciplinary leadership is a key to organisational capability as it facilitates coordination across technical, design, analytical, and strategic domains. This
study examines the managerial awareness, perceived influence on innovation, implementation difficulties, and overall effectiveness of multidisciplinary leadership in software companies. A quantitative survey was conducted among 20 managers from Software Companies in and around Mysore and data were analysed using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, cross-tabulations, and one-sample t-tests. Findings reveal high awareness (85%) and strong perceived positive impact on innovation (90%). Communication barriers were identified as the primary challenge (70%). Effectiveness was observed to be significantly higher than the benchmark (M = 4.32, SD = 0.41; t (19)
= 3.49, p < .05). The study emphasizes the value of structured and cross-functional cooperation, highlights the importance of technology-driven firms, and offers insightful suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of multidisciplinary leadership.

Keywords: Multidisciplinary leadership, multidisciplinary teams, Innovation, Software industry, Cross-functional collaboration, Communication barriers, Leadership effectiveness

Paper Title AWARENESS OF DIGITAL RESOURCES AMONG PUBLIC LIBRARY USERS IN MANDYA DISTRICT: A STUDY
Author Name Janaradhana. Y.H, Siddaramu P & C. Krishnamurthy
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19367741
Page No. 11-15

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
AWARENESS OF DIGITAL RESOURCES AMONG PUBLIC LIBRARY USERS IN MANDYA DISTRICT: A STUDY
Author: Janaradhana. Y.H, Siddaramu P & C. Krishnamurthy

ABSTRACT
The expansion of digital technologies has substantially reshaped the services and functions of public libraries. Contemporary public libraries increasingly serve as gateways to digital information, complementing traditional print-based collections. This study investigates the extent of awareness and utilization of digital resources among public library users in Mandya District, Karnataka. A descriptive survey method was employed, and data were collected from 600 respondents selected through
stratified random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on users’ awareness, usage patterns, and challenges related to digital resources. Descriptive statistical techniques, including frequencies and percentages, were applied for data analysis. The findings indicate a moderate level of awareness of digital resources, with noticeable variation across resource types and gender. While basic digital services such as internet access and digital newspapers are widely known and frequently used, advanced resources such as online databases and mobile library
applications exhibit comparatively low awareness and usage. The study underscores the need for systematic awareness programmes, user training initiatives, and infrastructural enhancement to promote effective utilization of digital resources in public libraries.

Keywords: Public libraries, Digital resources, User awareness, Mandya District, Library services

Paper Title FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN INDIA: A DECADAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS
Author Name Jayasheela D. L.
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19217698
Page No. 17-31

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN INDIA: A DECADAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS
Author: Jayasheela D. L.

ABSTRACT
Women’s economic empowerment is said to be an engine of economic growth for any country. Empowering women economically is the main cornerstone to achieve the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals, specifically terminating poverty (goal 1), ensuring health to all (goal 2), to achieving gender equality (goal 5), to promote productive employment (goal-8) and goal 10 on reducing inequalities. (UNDP, 2015)
In India women’s labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is 29.4% (aged15-59) in 2021-22 compare to global average of 50.13% in the same year. India’s LFPR of women is very low compared to the global average. (Ministry of Women and Child Development, 2021)
The paramount objective of this paper are to understand the trends in female labour force participation from the past 10 years in India. Another main objective is to find the main reasons for the low female LFPR in India. The study mainly focused on the analysis of the relationship that exists between female literacy rate, TFR, total expenditure on education & LFPR. This study focuses on the central schemes’ contribution in order to promoting the Female LFPR in India from past 10 years. The study mainly focuses on the analysis of impact of women literacy rate, TFR, educational expenditure on female LFPR in India. The study aims to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the major women’s empowerment schemes in India and also intends to find and analyze the structural
barriers for the low female participation rate in India.

Keywords
Economic empowerment, labor force participation rate, TFR, women empowerment schemes, gender inequality, women entrepreneurship.

Paper Title TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Author Name Kavitha B L
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19218474
Page No. 32-36

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Author: Kavitha B L

ABSTRACT
Modern information technologies are reshaping academic libraries from traditional repositories to dynamic digital knowledge hubs. This review synthesizes recent trends (2020–2025) in integrating technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, mobile technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), integrated library systems (ILS), and digital repositories into academic libraries. It examines how these technologies enhance service delivery, access, and user experience while addressing challenges such as budget constraints, digital literacy gaps, and infrastructure limitations. A
conceptual framework depicting the relationship between technology adoption and service performance is proposed. Recommendations for strategic implementation and future research directions are discussed.

Keywords: Academic libraries, Information technologies, AI, Cloud computing, Digital services, IoT, Library automation

Paper Title FITNESS TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN INDIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF EMERGING PATTERNS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
Author Name Kiran G N
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19218839
Page No. 37-42

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
FITNESS TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN INDIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF EMERGING PATTERNS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
Author: Kiran G N

ABSTRACT
India is experiencing a swift socioeconomic transformation, which is accompanied by notable changes in lifestyle. These developments have led to altered patterns of physical activity and an increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Concurrently, the fitness industry in India has witnessed considerable growth, driven by factors such as urbanization, globalization, advancements in digital technology, and heightened health consciousness. This analytical review investigates emerging
fitness trends alongside the structural, socioeconomic, and cultural obstacles that influence participation within the country. The review compiles and critiques both national and international literature to assess the expansion of gym culture, the adoption of digital fitness solutions, the persistence of traditional wellness practices, current nutrition trends, corporate wellness strategies, and pertinent regulatory issues. Despite the industry's rapid expansion, persistent disparities in access, affordability, gender inclusion, and infrastructural support hinder widespread participation. The
findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive policy frameworks, enhanced regulatory standards, improved public infrastructure, and community-driven initiatives to foster equitable and sustainable engagement in physical activity throughout India.

Keywords: Physical activity, fitness industry, India, lifestyle diseases, digital fitness, public health, socioeconomic disparities

Paper Title MIND SPORTS PARTICIPATION AMONG YOUTH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHESS PLAYERS AND NON-CHESS PLAYERS IN KARNATAKA
Author Name Mahadevappa S N & C Venkatesh
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219035
Page No. 43-48

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
MIND SPORTS PARTICIPATION AMONG YOUTH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHESS PLAYERS AND NON-CHESS PLAYERS IN KARNATAKA
Author: Mahadevappa S N & C Venkatesh

ABSTRACT
The present study examines selected psychological and mental health variables among chess players and non-chess players based on a comparative framework. A total of 200 university students (100 chess players and 100 non-chess players) aged 18–26 years from Karnataka State Law University were included in the study. The variables analyzed included intelligence, reaction time, attention, reasoning ability, personality traits, and mental health. Standardized psychological tools such as Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Reaction Time Apparatus, Logical Reasoning Test, Eysenck Personality Inventory, and Youth Mental Health measures were used for assessment. Comparative statistical
analysis indicated that chess players demonstrated relatively higher mean scores in intelligence, attention, and reasoning ability, along with faster reaction time and better mental health indicators compared to non-chess players. The results suggest that participation in chess as a mind sport may be associated with favourable cognitive and psychological characteristics among youth participants. The study highlights the relevance of cognitive sports within sports psychology and youth development
perspectives and supports the inclusion of mind sports in institutional sports and educational frameworks.

Keywords: Chess players; Psychological variables; Mental health; Mind sports; Youth development

Paper Title A STUDY ON INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MARKET COMPETITIVENESS
Author Name D Manjulamma B S
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219199
Page No. 49-54

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
A STUDY ON INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MARKET COMPETITIVENESS
Author: D Manjulamma B S

ABSTRACT
Innovation ecosystems have become a central feature of modern commerce, enabling firms to collaborate, share knowledge, and accelerate technological progress. This study examines the influence of innovation ecosystems on market competitiveness through a structured conceptual framework, review of literature, and descriptive statistical analysis based on secondary data. The research compares ecosystem-participating firms with independent firms across innovation and performance indicators. The findings demonstrate that ecosystem engagement leads to higher
innovation rates, improved efficiency, stronger customer satisfaction, and enhanced revenue growth. The study concludes that innovation ecosystems act as strategic enablers of sustainable competitive advantage and recommends that firms and policymakers actively invest in collaborative innovation structures.

Key Words
Innovation ecosystems, market competitiveness, collaboration, digital innovation, competitive advantage, statistical analysis

Paper Title A STUDY ON COGNITIVE APPRAISAL AND PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS OF TRADITIONAL SILK SAREES
Author Name Manjunatha K & Prasanna M R
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219346
Page No. 55-59

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
A STUDY ON COGNITIVE APPRAISAL AND PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS OF TRADITIONAL SILK SAREES
Author: Manjunatha K & Prasanna M R

ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of cognitive appraisal on consumer attitudes and purchase behaviour toward traditional silk Sarees, with particular reference to their cultural and symbolic significance.

Theoretical framework: The study is based on cognitive appraisal theory, which explains how consumers
evaluate products through perceptions such as cultural value, authenticity, quality, and price fairness. These evaluations influence emotional responses and purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach: A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 consumers who had purchased or intended to purchase traditional silk Sarees. The collected data were analysed to understand the impact of cognitive appraisal
dimensions on purchase behaviour.

Findings: The findings indicate that cognitive appraisal significantly influences emotional attachment and purchase decisions. Perceived cultural value and product authenticity were found to be the most influential factors, followed by quality perception and price fairness.

Originality/value: The study contributes to consumer behaviour literature by integrating cognitive appraisal theory with the consumption of traditional and culturally significant products.

Keywords:
Consumers, Cultural value, Quality, Silk Sarees Purchase Intention.

Paper Title MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AS A STRATEGIC TOOL FOR BUSINESS GROWTH
Author Name Margaret Mary
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219495
Page No. 60-65

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AS A STRATEGIC TOOL FOR BUSINESS GROWTH
Author: Margaret Mary

ABSTRACT
Business today functions in an environment shaped by rapid technological progress, global competition and continuous change in customers and regulatory demands. Problems faced by organizations are no longer limited to a single domain, making traditional discipline-specific approaches insufficient. Multidisciplinary research, which draws knowledge from multiple fields, offers a comprehensive way to understand and address such complex challenges. This paper explores the significance of multidisciplinary research in achieving business success by improving innovation
capability, strengthening strategic decision making, enhancing risk management and supporting sustainable growth. Based on a conceptual review of existing literature, the study highlights how integrating perspective from management, technology, economics, psychology and social sciences enables businesses to respond effectively to uncertainty and gain long term competitive advantage.

Keywords: Multidisciplinary research, Business performance, Innovation, Strategic Management, Sustainability.

Paper Title DIGITAL ECONOMY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
Author Name Nagajyothi M J
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219635
Page No. 66-76

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
DIGITAL ECONOMY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
Author: Nagajyothi M J

ABSTRACT
The rapid expansion of the digital economy and the growing adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have significantly transformed employment patterns and income distribution across regions. The present study examines the implications of digital economy participation and AI adoption on employment and income distribution in Tumkur district of Karnataka. The study is based on primary data collected from 85 respondents using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, digital skill levels, AI awareness, employment status, income categories, and access to
digital infrastructure. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were applied to analyse the relationship between digital skills, AI adoption, job security, and income levels. The findings reveal a significant association between digital skill level and monthly income, indicating that respondents with advanced digital competencies are concentrated in higher income ranges. AI adoption in workplaces is also found to significantly influence job security perceptions and income changes. While AI enhances productivity and income opportunities in organized sectors, concerns regarding employment displacement are evident, particularly among private sector employees. The study further identifies an urban–rural digital divide and gender disparities in digital economy participation, contributing to unequal income distribution.

Keywords: Digital Economy, Artificial Intelligence, Employment, Income Distribution, Digital Skills

Paper Title WELLBEING PSYCHOPHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Author Name Nagaveni Bhimaraya & N.G. Kannur
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219809
Page No. 77-81

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
WELLBEING PSYCHOPHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Author: Nagaveni Bhimaraya & N.G. Kannur

INTRODUCTION:
Mental health and overall well-being have become a central concern in recent years. Especially in the face of increasing stress, fast-paced lifestyles and growing mental demands on individuals, various professional and personal health professionals are experiencing high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion as well as low resilience. This makes mental well-being a crucial aspect of quality of life. In this context, it is a primary and holistic approach to supporting mental health by integrating physical, emotional and spiritual practices. Yoga, which combines physical postures, breathing
techniques and meditation without any external stimulation, offers a natural way to reduce stress, calm the mind and enhance emotional balance. Regular practice maintains positive emotions in the professions. Helps reduce anxiety, improve concentration and build mental strength.

As modern lifestyles become more demanding, the role of yoga in restoring inner balance and promoting a sense of peace and stability becomes more important. When mental health is neglected, a person often experiences low motivation, emotional exhaustion and low productivity. This makes wellness practices like yoga essential for maintaining personal and professional well-being.

Paper Title DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, INCLUSIVE PRODUCT FEATURES, AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS
Author Name Naveen Kumar S T
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19219874
Page No. 82-88

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, INCLUSIVE PRODUCT FEATURES, AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS
Author: Naveen Kumar S T

ABSTRACT
The current research will be an investigation into the determinants of financial inclusion in rural household with a special focus on the financial literacy and awareness levels, inclusive product characteristics, and the place of financial advisors. The paper also measures the effects of these factors on the use of formal financial systems. The exploratory research design was employed, and 100 respondents were taken as the primary data using a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and multiple
regression analysis to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the financial inclusion. The results indicate that inclusive product features and financial advisors can strongly affect financial inclusion, but financial literacy and awareness is not statistically significant and affects financial inclusion in the regression model. The findings point to the fact that the product affordability, security, suitability and advisory support are more directly related to promoting inclusion than is
knowledge. The research resolves that inclusive financial products design and increased advisory support mechanisms are essential in enhancing the results of financial inclusion. The policymakers and financial institutions need to pay attention to include measures of trust-building and customeroriented product strategies to increase inclusion in rural settings.

Keywords: Financial Inclusion; Financial Literacy; Inclusive Product Features; Financial Advisors; Rural Households; Multiple Regression Analysis

Paper Title MULTIDISCIPLINARY LEGAL RESEARCH AS A CATALYST FOR INNOVATION IN CONTEMPORARY LAW
Author Name Padmalatha R
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19220062
Page No. 89-92

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
MULTIDISCIPLINARY LEGAL RESEARCH AS A CATALYST FOR INNOVATION IN CONTEMPORARY LAW
Author: Padmalatha R

ABSTRACT
The contemporary transformation of legal systems is deeply intertwined with technological disruption, environmental crises, global economic restructuring, and evolving democratic governance. Traditional doctrinal approaches to legal research, though foundational, are insufficient to respond effectively to such multidimensional challenges. Multidisciplinary legal research integrates knowledge from economics,
sociology, political science, environmental studies, public health, technology, and management sciences to create innovative and evidence-based legal solutions. This chapter critically examines the theoretical foundations, constitutional dimensions, regulatory applications, and institutional implications of multidisciplinary engagement in law. Special emphasis is placed on Indian constitutional jurisprudence, digital governance, environmental protection, corporate regulation, access to justice reforms, and policy innovation. The study argues that multidisciplinary research is not merely complementary to legal scholarship but is indispensable for progressive and sustainable legal development.

Keywords: Multidisciplinary Research; Legal Innovation; Constitutional Governance; Law and Technology; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Regulation; Access to Justice; Evidence-Based Law.

Paper Title AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF STATES IN ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDIA
Author Name Prasad R
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19220131
Page No. 93-104

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF STATES IN ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDIA
Author: Prasad R

ABSTRACT
Inclusive education represents a cornerstone of India’s commitment to equitable and universal elementary education. The Indian Constitution, through Article 21-A and various policy frameworks, upholds education as a fundamental right for all children, regardless of gender, caste, socio-economic status, or ability. This study analyzes the performance of Indian states in realizing inclusive education outcomes at the elementary level between 2020–21 and 2024–25. Using secondary data from
UDISE+, NSS, and official government reports, the study evaluates Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), Gender Parity Index (GPI), retention and dropout rates, and the inclusion of socially disadvantaged groups and children with special needs (CWSN). Findings reveal that India has made commendable progress toward universal access and gender parity, yet considerable inter-state disparities persist— particularly in regions with weaker governance capacity and inadequate infrastructure. The results underscore the need for strengthened implementation of inclusive practices, improved teacher training,
and targeted investments to address regional inequities. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for promoting equitable and sustainable inclusion in elementary education.

Keywords: inclusive education, elementary education, gender parity, gross enrolment ratio, dropout rate, CWSN, social inclusion, India

Paper Title EFFECT OF POST-TRAINING LIMBERING-DOWN SESSIONS ON FLEXIBILITY AND EXPLOSIVE POWER AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION TRAINEES
Author Name Prathap K. K., Basavaraju, Durugeshappa & Nagaraja Y.
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19220511
Page No. 105-111

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
EFFECT OF POST-TRAINING LIMBERING-DOWN SESSIONS ON FLEXIBILITY AND EXPLOSIVE POWER AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION TRAINEES
Author: Prathap K. K., Basavaraju, Durugeshappa & Nagaraja Y.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a structured six-week post-training limbering-down programme on flexibility and explosive power among undergraduate physical education trainees. Twenty-eight male trainees (20–25 years) were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 14). The experimental group performed systematic limbering-down exercises for six weeks, five days per week (20–30 minutes per session) immediately after regular training, whereas the control group continued their normal training without
additional recovery intervention. Flexibility was assessed using the Sit-and-Reach Test, and explosive power was measured using the Standing Long Jump Test. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed statistically significant improvements in flexibility (t = -2.705, p < 0.05) and explosive power (t = -3.931, p < 0.05) in the experimental group, while no significant changes were observed in the control group. The findings indicate that structured post-training limbering-down sessions enhance neuromuscular recovery and positively influence performance-related fitness
components.

Keywords: Limbering-down, Cool-down, Flexibility, Explosive Power, Recovery Training

Paper Title A STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG THE GIG ECONOMY WORKERS - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CAB DRIVERS AND DELIVERY EXECUTIVES IN BANGALORE CITY
Author Name Praveena Shetty & Ishwara P
Country India
DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19220731
Page No. 112-131

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
A STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG THE GIG ECONOMY WORKERS - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CAB DRIVERS AND DELIVERY EXECUTIVES IN BANGALORE CITY
Author: Praveena Shetty & Ishwara P

ABSTRACT
Cab drivers and delivery executives face significant occupational hazards. They often work long hours in extreme weather, navigate congested roads, and face the risk of accidents. Many lack proper safety gear or insurance coverage. The physical strain of such work—coupled with long exposure to pollution and irregular meals—affects both physical and mental health. The main objective of the present research is to level the stress among the gig economy workers—a comparative analysis of cab drivers and delivery executives in Bangalore city. A total of 810 gig economy workers were selected
as the sample for the study. The sample comprised 342 cab drivers and 468 delivery executives, ensuring adequate representation of the two major categories of gig workers operating in Bangalore city. A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection along with secondary data sources. Linear regression was used as a statistical tool for the data analysis to find out the significant impact on the level of stress of gig workers. The results found that both psychological and physical factors
affect the stress level of both cab drivers and delivery executives in Bangalore.

Key words: Psychological, Physical, Cab Drivers, Delivery Executives, Level of Stress, Gig.

Paper Title DRIVING INNOVATION AND BREAKTHROUGH IN BUSINESS
Author Name Praveen Shinde & Rajeshwari N
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19220802
Page No. 132-142

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
DRIVING INNOVATION AND BREAKTHROUGH IN BUSINESS
Author: Praveen Shinde & Rajeshwari N

ABSTRACT
Introduction: In today's fast-paced and highly competitive business world, innovation isn't just a niceto-have—it's essential for staying relevant and achieving long-term success. To drive real change and make major breakthroughs in business, you need to go beyond small, gradual improvements. Instead, you have to rethink how things are done, what you offer, or how your business operates altogether. Objective of study: The goal is to learn how to move from having good ideas to actually creating valuable products, services, or processes.

Research methodology: The research methods used to drive business innovation and create breakthroughs combine both qualitative insights and quantitative data. Qualitative methods focus on understanding people's experiences and behaviors, using techniques like observing user habits, indepth interviews, and group discussions to uncover hidden customer needs. Quantitative data includes metrics like revenue from new products or investment in research and development, along with
simulation tools like digital twins to test ideas in a controlled setting.
Data analysis and interpretation: Data analysis and interpretation help companies come up with new ideas and make major business improvements by turning large amounts of messy, unorganized data into useful, fact-based insights.

Finding: Breakthroughs often come from taking risks. Organizations need to see failure as a learning experience, not a setback. Innovation should be open to everyone, allowing employees at all levels to share their ideas.

Recommendation: Make sure employees feel comfortable sharing their thoughts, trying new things, and taking smart risks without worrying too much about failing.

Conclusion: Driving real innovation is a lasting and disciplined effort. It needs a focus on people, teamwork, and using the right technology. It also needs a company culture that encourages and supports it.

Keyword: Driving, Innovation, Breakthrough, Business

Paper Title APPLICATION OF ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION (RPA) IN SELECT BANKS IN INDIA- A CASE STUDY
Author Name Raghavendra Raju & M. Muniraju
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233059
Page No. 143-148

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
APPLICATION OF ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION (RPA) IN SELECT BANKS IN INDIA- A CASE STUDY
Author: Raghavendra Raju & M. Muniraju

ABSTRACT
With the Advent of Technology, especially with the entry of Artificial Intelligence, there have been tremendous changes in the banking sector. One such technological tool is Robotic Process Automation. This automates the repetitive, rule-based business process done by the employees. Now the point is whether it replaces the employees, just as computers have done. The study was done to know how much the banking sector has impacted by RPA. For this, a Case study approach was used to know how RPA has made an impact by taking select Public and Private Sector Banks. The Banks selected are in the Public Sector - Canara Bank, State Bank of India, and in the Private Sector- HDFC
Bank, ICICI Bank. The Study indicate that with the adoption of RPA, there is a decrease in processing errors, improving efficiency and thereby increasing performance at work.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, RPA,

Paper Title SERVICE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Author Name Rajeevakumar
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233312
Page No. 149-154

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
SERVICE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Author: Rajeevakumar

ABSTRACT
The service sector has emerged as the most dynamic component of the Indian economy and plays a significant role in driving economic development. Over the past three decades, India has experienced a remarkable transformation from an agriculture-dominated economy to a service-driven growth model. The expansion of industries such as information technology, telecommunications, financial services, tourism, and healthcare has significantly improved productivity and contributed to economic growth.
The service sector currently accounts for more than half of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs a substantial portion of the workforce. This study examines the relationship between service sector productivity and economic development
in India. The research focuses on analyzing productivity trends in various service industries and their contribution to national income, employment generation, and technological progress. The study relies on secondary data from government reports, institutional publications, and international databasesmcovering the period from 2000 to 2024. Descriptive and analytical methods are used to evaluate the productivity growth of the service sector and its impact on the broader economy. The findings suggest that productivity improvements in knowledge-based services such as information technology, telecommunications, and financial services have played a critical role in accelerating India’s economic growth. However, productivity growth remains uneven across different service industries due to technological disparities, skill shortages, and structural constraints. The study concludes that strengthening human capital, promoting digital infrastructure, and encouraging innovation are essential for sustaining productivity growth in India’s service sector and ensuring longterm economic development.

Keywords: Service Sector, Productivity, Economic Development, India, Structural Transformation, Service Economy.

Paper Title RELATIONSHIP OF SELECTED AN ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES TO SKILL PERFORMANCE OF VTU MALE BADMINTON PLAYERS
Author Name Ramesha. N
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233384
Page No. 155-158

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
RELATIONSHIP OF SELECTED AN ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES TO SKILL PERFORMANCE OF VTU MALE BADMINTON PLAYERS
Author: Ramesha. N

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric variables and skill performance of badminton players for which 85 males Inter-collegiate of VTU in Karnataka state were selected as subjects for the study having age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The following anthropometric measurements height, weight, arm length, leg length, arm span. Results: relationship between anthropometric variables and skill variables was analyzed using Pearson‟s product moment correlations, following results were observed. Most of the correlation coefficients observed between anthropometric and skill performance variables were found to be non-significant. Arm span was found to significantly and positively relate to all the skill performance variables.

Key words: Anthropometric, VTU, Badminton, Skill Performance etc.

Paper Title DIGITAL BANKING IN RURAL INDIA: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Author Name Ramesha.M.C
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233457
Page No. 159-165

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
DIGITAL BANKING IN RURAL INDIA: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Author: Ramesha.M.C

ABSTRACT
The rapid evolution of digital banking in India has transformed financial services, offering greater accessibility, convenience, and efficiency, particularly in rural areas. This study explores the growth, challenges, and future prospects of e-banking in rural India, highlighting key initiatives by the Government of India, fintech partnerships, and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) aimed at promoting financial inclusion. The paper reviews
the adoption of electronic banking services such as internet banking, mobile banking, ATMs, UPI, and digital fund transfers, while also examining the benefits, including cost reduction, transparency, and 24/7 accessibility. Despite significant progress, challenges persist, including limited internet connectivity, low digital literacy, language barriers, and cybersecurity concerns. The study emphasizes the role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain in enhancing rural banking. Strategic recommendations are provided to improve digital literacy, infrastructure, customer support, and MSME adoption, along with calls for further research on financial inclusion. Overall, the paper underscores the potential of a hybrid digital-physical banking model to drive sustainable, inclusive growth in rural India.

Keywords: Digital literacy, Electronic Banking, Reserve Bank of India, cybersecurity and Rural India.

Paper Title BANKING SECTOR ACHIEVEMENTS IN KARNATAKA: GROWTH, FINANCIAL INCLUSION, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Author Name Ranganath G
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233661
Page No. 166-170

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
BANKING SECTOR ACHIEVEMENTS IN KARNATAKA: GROWTH, FINANCIAL INCLUSION, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Author: Ranganath G

ABSTRACT
The banking sector plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth, financial stability, and inclusive development. Karnataka, as one of India’s most progressive states, has witnessed significant achievements in the banking sector over the last few decades. These include expansion of banking infrastructure, financial inclusion programs, digital banking innovations, and improved credit access for agriculture, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This paper examines the growth and achievements of Karnataka’s banking sector, focusing on its contribution to financial inclusion,
technological advancements, credit flow, and socio-economic development. Using a mixed-method approach that combines literature review, policy analysis, statistical data, and case studies, the study highlights the sector’s successes and identifies areas for further improvement. Findings indicate that government initiatives, technological adoption, and public-private partnerships have strengthened banking services, enhanced customer access, and contributed to the state’s economic development.
However, challenges such as regional disparities, financial literacy gaps, and cybersecurity risks remain. Recommendations include strengthening digital infrastructure, improving financial literacy, and promoting innovative banking solutions to sustain and expand achievements in Karnataka’s banking sector.

Keywords: Banking Sector, Karnataka, Financial Inclusion, Digital Banking, Economic
Development, MSME Financing

Paper Title APPLICATIONS OF THE LEARNING CURVE THEORY IN SERVICE SECTORS
Author Name Ravishankar B
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233767
Page No. 171-176

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
APPLICATIONS OF THE LEARNING CURVE THEORY IN SERVICE SECTORS
Author: Ravishankar B

ABSTRACT:
“The learning curve is a graphical device for picturing the rate of improvement in terms of a given criterion of efficiency, as a result of practice.”- Later, Arthur Bills. When the production quantity of a given item is doubled the cost of that item decreases at a quantity
rate. Theory of learning curve is formulated on the basis of this formula (The Institute of Charted Accountants of India). Primary use of learning curve can be traced in aircraft industry but it can be used as a quantitative tool in many sectors. Applications include sectors like agriculture, marketing, banking, insurance etc. that are service sectors. Learning curve reduces costs and increases labour efficiency as the production varies every phase. So, it helps to manage issues like decreasing the labour cost proportionate to the output saving time and effort. The major advantage of the learning curve is it can be represented graphically and curves like steady curve, experience curve, diminishing
curve etc. are significant to learn and understand better. The experience curve states that time taken to complete a task should be less, whereas the steady phase learning curve states that there is no more effectiveness in the curve just like a saturated point. The following article objective is to study the applications of the learning curve in service sector by creating models with applicable assumptions to generate empirical evidences for the purpose of the study.

Key Words: Learning Curve, Applications, Cost, service sectors

Paper Title REIMAGINING GENDER JUSTICE IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, LEGAL REFORMS, AND JUDICIAL ACTIVISM
Author Name Rekha Chavan
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233845
Page No. 177-188

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
REIMAGINING GENDER JUSTICE IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, LEGAL REFORMS, AND JUDICIAL ACTIVISM
Author: Rekha Chavan

ABSTRACT
Gender inequality in India has deep historical roots shaped by patriarchal norms. The concept of gender justice refers to equal treatment and opportunity for all genders — a core human right that the Indian Constitution enshrines through its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties. Articles 14–18 ensure equality before the law, prohibit sex-based discrimination, and empower the State to adopt positive measures for women‘s and gender minorities‘ advancement. Despite strong constitutional provisions, social practices and implementation gaps have hindered genuine equality. Recent judicial pronouncements — including the Supreme Court‘s recognition of menstrual health as a fundamental right and the constitution of a nine-judge bench to revisit discrimination in religious spaces — reflect an evolving constitutional engagement with gender justice. These developments highlight both legal progress and ongoing challenges in making de jure
rights a de facto reality.

Key words: Gender equality, gender justice, constitution of India, fundamental rights, Fundamental Duties, Preamble, Directive Principles of State Policy.

Paper Title THE COMPUTER ROLE TOWARDS DISCOVERING NEW ASPECTS IN MULTIDISIPLINARY RESEARCH
Author Name Roopa.M
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233982
Page No. 189-193

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
THE COMPUTER ROLE TOWARDS DISCOVERING NEW ASPECTS IN MULTIDISIPLINARY RESEARCH
Author: Roopa.M

ABSTRACT
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research as “ a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.‟‟ The purpose of research is to discover answer to questions through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research to find out the truth which is hidden and which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research study has its own specific purpose.

Paper Title THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN INDIA: POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS, AND YOUTH EMPOWERMENT
Author Name Sandeep R.S
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234087
Page No. 194-201

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN INDIA: POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS, AND YOUTH EMPOWERMENT
Author: Sandeep R.S

ABSTRACT:
Entrepreneurship education has emerged as a strategic instrument for economic resilience, employment generation, and innovation-led development in emerging economies. In India, where demographic advantage coexists with rising graduate unemployment, entrepreneurship education plays a crucial role in transforming youth from job seekers into job creators. This paper critically examines the necessity of entrepreneurship education through an integrated analysis of classical economic theories, contemporary empirical research, and national policy frameworks such as Startup India and the National Education Policy 2020. Using a qualitative synthesis of global and Indian literature, the study identifies structural gaps in pedagogical delivery, regional access, and institutional incubation. The findings highlight that experiential learning, psychological capital development, and decentralized incubation models significantly enhance entrepreneurial sustainability. The study concludes by proposing a comprehensive entrepreneurship education framework aligned with inclusive growth and sustainable development goals.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Youth Empowerment, Innovation Ecosystem, Startup India, Inclusive Growth

Paper Title THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN INDIA: POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS, AND YOUTH EMPOWERMENT
Author Name Sandeep R.S
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234087
Page No. 194-201

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN INDIA: POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS, AND YOUTH EMPOWERMENT
Author: Sandeep R.S

ABSTRACT:
Entrepreneurship education has emerged as a strategic instrument for economic resilience, employment generation, and innovation-led development in emerging economies. In India, where demographic advantage coexists with rising graduate unemployment, entrepreneurship education plays a crucial role in transforming youth from job seekers into job creators. This paper critically examines the necessity of entrepreneurship education through an integrated analysis of classical economic theories, contemporary empirical research, and national policy frameworks such as Startup India and the National Education Policy 2020. Using a qualitative synthesis of global and Indian literature, the study identifies structural gaps in pedagogical delivery, regional access, and institutional incubation. The findings highlight that experiential learning, psychological capital development, and decentralized incubation models significantly enhance entrepreneurial sustainability. The study concludes by proposing a comprehensive entrepreneurship education framework aligned with inclusive growth and sustainable development goals.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Youth Empowerment, Innovation Ecosystem, Startup India, Inclusive Growth

Paper Title IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON YOUTHS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HASSAN DISTRICT, KARNATAKA (INDIA)
Author Name Santhosha S A
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234352
Page No. 202-206

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON YOUTHS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HASSAN DISTRICT, KARNATAKA (INDIA)
Author: Santhosha S A

ABSTRACT
Globalization, driven by economic liberalization, technological innovation, and cultural exchange, has reshaped societies worldwide. This study explores how globalization influences the youth of Hassan District, Karnataka — a region at the crossroads of tradition and modernity. By examining educational aspirations, employment patterns, cultural attitudes, and social behaviors, the research highlights both opportunities and challenges brought by global forces. Findings suggest that while globalization has
expanded dreams, digital access, and career options for youths, it has also led to cultural shifts, materialistic tendencies, and identity dilemmas. The paper emphasizes the need for balanced development that preserves local heritage while embracing global opportunities.

Key words; Globalization, education, cultural, youth

Paper Title EFFECT OF QUICKNESS TRAINING ON SKILL RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS VARIABLES AMONG HOCKEY PLAYERS
Author Name T.Sathees Kumar & G. Thangavel
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234464
Page No. 207-210

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
EFFECT OF QUICKNESS TRAINING ON SKILL RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS VARIABLES AMONG HOCKEY PLAYERS
Author: T.Sathees Kumar & G. Thangavel

ABSTRACT
Quickness is a key determinant of athletic performance, enabling players to respond effectively to decisive situations during competition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of quickness training with equipment on selected performance variables among hockey players. Forty amateur male hockey players aged 18–25 years were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group. The experimental group underwent quickness training using specialized equipment, while the control group for a period of six weeks (three sessions per week). A pretest–posttest
experimental design was employed. Fitness variables assessed included 20-meter sprint time, and Illinois agility test performance. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements from pretest to posttest in all selected performance measures. However, between-group comparison using an independent t-test revealed that the experimental group showed significantly greater improvement than the control group. The findings of this study indicate that quickness training is an effective method for
enhancing selected fitness variables in hockey players.

Keywords: Preseason Training, Maximal Speed, Explosive Movements, Specialized Training Equipment

Paper Title THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PROMOTING HEALTHY AGING
Author Name Shivaraja Kumar M. P. & N. G. KANNUR
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234544
Page No. 211-218

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PROMOTING HEALTHY AGING
Author: Shivaraja Kumar M. P. & N. G. KANNUR

ABSTRACT
Evidence suggests that regular physical activity is safe for both healthy and frail older adults. It can reduce the risk of major metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, obesity, falls, cognitive decline, osteoporosis, and muscle weakness. Activities can range from low-intensity walking to more strenuous sports and resistance training. Maintaining independence and preventing disease in older populations are two major benefits of regular physical activity, which has made active aging a fundamental strategy for living longer and better lives. The significance of encouraging mobility throughout life is emphasized in this research as a dependable means of maintaining wellbeing as
people age. Societies may foster healthier people that maintain their independence for longer by including physical activity into daily routines and portraying it as a lifetime habit rather than a treatment for old age. In addition to improving people's quality of life, this strategy lessens the overall financial strain of healthcare. For people who are severely deconditioned, functionally constrained, or have long-term illnesses that impair their capacity to do physical tasks, the initial level of physical activity intensity and duration should be minimal. Additionally, the activities' progression has to be
customized to each person's tolerance and preferences. An individual's chances of starting and sticking to a regular exercise and/or physical activity program will rise if behavioral change principles are incorporated into the planning and implementation of these programs. In this paper we will discuss. The Role of Physical Activity in Promoting Healthy Aging.

Keywords:
Healthy Aging, Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Diseases, Muscle Weakness, Strength, Mobility, And Mental Acuity, Exercise, Cognitive Health, Increases Longevity, Energy Expenditure

Paper Title ROLE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN ENHANCING STUDENT LEARNING IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Author Name Shrishail Ningadalli & N.G.Kannur
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234664
Page No. 219-226

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
ROLE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN ENHANCING STUDENT LEARNING IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Author: Shrishail Ningadalli & N.G.Kannur

ABSTRACT
Formative assessment (FA) is regarded as a promising method of assessment in physical education (PE) and is an effective educational strategy for maximizing student learning. The goal of formative assessment, a collection of evaluation techniques used during the learning process, is to alter instructional strategies and learning activities in order to raise student achievement. By combining the results of several studies conducted in several educational situations, this meta-analytical study investigates how formative assessment affects student learning outcomes. According to the analysis, formative evaluation greatly raises student achievement, encourages self-regulated learning, and creates a more welcoming learning environment.The implementation of assessment techniques improved the caliber of instruction and learning in physical education and had a favorable effect on how both teachers and students viewed the subject. It is emphasized how crucial it is to assist teachers
in improving their daily practices by giving them information on assessment techniques and examples of techniques that are in line with physical education curriculum.In this paper we will discuss. Role of Formative Assessment in Enhancing Student Learning in Physical Education.

Keywords:
Formative Assessment, Student Learning, Physical Education, Learning Process, Class Discussions, Informs Instruction, Summative, Authentic

Paper Title B.R AMBEDKAR AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
Author Name Somashekhar Handral
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234739
Page No. 227-229

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
B.R AMBEDKAR AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
Author: Somashekhar Handral

ABSTRACT
Dr. B.R Ambedkar (1891-1956) appeared on the Indian Socio-Political Scene in the early 1920s and Remained at the forefront of the Social, Cultural, Economic and Political transformation of India during the closing decades of the British Rule after India got Freedom He played a very significant role in laying the foundation of modern India till his Death. Dr. B.R Ambedkar was a great social reformer a valiant champion of social justice and an emancipator of the downtrodden masses of India who dedicated all his life to a waken the social conscience of modern India. His thought that all types of oppressions denial exploitation and injustices can be removed by the state. In this regard he made many provisions in constitution of India for Schedule Caste, Schedule Tribes, Minorities, Children and Women and state has been given duty and responsibility of protecting, promoting and safeguarding the interest of weaker sections of society. In this paper Dr. B.R Ambedkar’s dream of social justice are discussed.

Key Words:
State Democracy, Social justice, weaker sections

Paper Title STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND EMERGING TRENDS IN INDIA’S LIFE AND NON-LIFE INSURANCE SECTOR
Author Name SUSHMA A .R .
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234816
Page No. 230-232

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND EMERGING TRENDS IN INDIA’S LIFE AND NON-LIFE INSURANCE SECTOR
Author: SUSHMA A .R .

ABSTRACT
India’s insurance sector has experienced notable structural changes driven by regulatory reforms, digital transformation, and shifting risk awareness. This paper examines recent trends in life and nonlife insurance segments, focusing on premium growth, penetration levels, product diversification, and policy reforms. Based on secondary data from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) and industry reports, the study finds that while life insurance maintains a larger share of total premiums, non-life insurance—particularly health insurance—has shown faster growth in recent years. Despite expansion, overall insurance penetration remains below global averages, highlighting the need for improved financial inclusion and consumer awareness. The study concludes that sustained growth in India’s insurance market depends on regulatory support, technological innovation, and customer-centric product development.

Keywords- Life Insurance; Non-Life Insurance; Insurance Penetration; Health Insurance; Regulatory Reforms; Digital Transformation; Financial Inclusion.

Paper Title EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN INDIA’S SERVICE SECTOR: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
Author Name Thimmegowda T.K
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234891
Page No. 233-237

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN INDIA’S SERVICE SECTOR: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
Author: Thimmegowda T.K

ABSTRACT
The service sector has emerged as a dominant force in India’s economic transformation over the past few decades. It has become the largest contributor to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and plays a crucial role in employment generation. Rapid growth in industries such as information technology, telecommunications, financial services, tourism, healthcare, and education has significantly expanded employment opportunities across the country. However, despite its remarkable growth, the service sector also faces several challenges related to job quality, skill gaps, informal
employment, and regional disparities. This study examines employment trends in India’s service sector and analyzes the major challenges affecting job creation. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from government publications
and institutional reports covering the period from 2000 to 2024. The study employs descriptive and trend analysis to evaluate employment growth across different service industries. The findings indicate that the service sector has become a major source of employment, particularly for skilled and semiskilled workers. Nevertheless, issues such as skill mismatches, technological disruptions, and uneven regional development continue to limit the sector’s employment potential. The study concludes that strengthening skill development programs, promoting regional diversification of service industries, and encouraging innovation can significantly enhance employment generation in India’s service economy.

Keywords: Service Sector, Employment Generation, Labour Market, Economic Development, India, Structural Transformation

Paper Title ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY
Author Name Veeresh Gundappa & N.G.Kannur
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234986
Page No. 238-246

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY
Author: Veeresh Gundappa & N.G.Kannur

ABSTRACT
With an emphasis on gender, race, nation, and social mobility, this article examines current studies on the connection between physical and social inequality. Participation in organized sports, outdoor recreation, physical education, play, and other movement-based activities can enhance social, emotional, and physical well-being and foster resilience. These spaces are especially crucial for preventing social marginalization and lowering health inequalities across the lifespan. It is often known that there are disparities in physical activity, particularly amongst socioeconomic classes. However, it is difficult to make headway in lowering these disparities.Social inequality and health
inequality are tightly related, as research continuously shows. Understanding the significance and impact of social inequality in this setting is essential to developing critical pedagogies in physical education (PE). Even though the social determinants of health have substantial evidence, health promotion and policy frequently target individual lifestyle factors (such as nutrition and physical activity) in an effort to alter behavior on a large scale.

Keywords:
Physical Education, Social Inequality, Gender, Race, Nation, Social Mobility, Lifelong Learning, Social Cohesion, Coaches, Sports, Minorities

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