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Archives Volume-9, Issue-1 (January-June)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
WRITING THE SELF: AMBEDKAR'S IMPACT ON DALIT AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Author Name:
Sonia
Country:
India
Page No.:
1-4
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WRITING THE SELF: AMBEDKAR'S IMPACT ON DALIT AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Author: Sonia

The present study investigates the significant impact of B.R. Ambedkar on the development and progression of Dalit autobiography as a literary form. This study explores how the themes and narrative patterns of Dalit life writing have been influenced by Ambedkar's ideals of identity, empowerment, and self-assertion through an analysis of important autobiographical works written by Dalit authors. This paper explains how Ambedkarite ideology shapes the construction of selfhood and agency in the Dalit autobiographical tradition through a comparative analysis of a few chosen autobiographies, including accounts by well-known individuals like Baburao Bagul, Bama, Omprakash Valmiki, and Urmila Pawar. Through an examination of the interplay between caste, identity, and resistance, this study seeks to demonstrate the transformative potential of Ambedkar's vision in empowering disadvantaged voices to affirm their humanity and reclaim their histories through autobiographical writing.
In summary, this research fosters a more profound comprehension of the mutually beneficial association between Ambedkar's principles and the burgeoning Dalit autobiography as a powerful instrument for societal criticism, individual empowerment, and cultural reclaiming within the context of Indian literature. The study also examines how Dalit autobiographies go beyond being merely personal accounts to become collective testimony of struggle and an effective medium for societal criticism. By questioning prevailing narratives and reconstructing history from the periphery, it explores the distinctive stylistic features used by Dalit writers. The study ultimately shows how Ambedkar's legacy still gives Dalit writers the confidence to "write the self," securing their legitimate place in Indian literature and making a major contribution to the current conversation about identity, social justice, and human rights.
Keywords: Dalit autobiography, B.R. Ambedkar, caste, identity, self-representation, resistance.

Paper Title:
DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR’S PHILOSOPHY AND ITS CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE
Author Name:
Sourabh Prakash, T. Gopinath
Country:
India
Page No.:
5-8
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DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR’S PHILOSOPHY AND ITS CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE
Author: Sourabh Prakash, T. Gopinath

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, one of India's most influential political thinkers and social reformers, continues to hold contemporary relevance in the modern political landscape (Auerbach et al., 2021). Not only was Dr. Ambedkar instrumental in drafting the Indian Constitution and championing equal rights for marginalized communities, but his ideas on social justice and inclusive governance continue to resonate in today's society. Dr. Ambedkar's emphasis on the importance of affirmative action and reservation policies as a means to address historical injustices and promote social equality remains crucial for creating a more equitable and just society. Furthermore, Dr. Ambedkar's critiques of caste-based discrimination and his call for the annihilation of caste are still highly pertinent in a country like India, where caste divisions continue to persist despite legal protections and social progress. By critically engaging with the political thoughts of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between political and socio-economic inequality in contemporary India. By studying and applying Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's political thoughts, we can strive towards building a society that is more inclusive, just, and free from discrimination. Furthermore, Dr. Ambedkar's emphasis on the necessity for constitutional safeguards and protections for marginalized communities serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for social justice and the need for continuous efforts to combat discrimination and inequality. By considering his thoughts, we can analyze and reevaluate our own political practices, ensuring that they are aligned with the principles of equality and justice that Dr. Ambedkar espoused. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's political thoughts continue to hold significant relevance in today's society, particularly in addressing historical injustices, promoting social equality, and fighting against caste-based discrimination.
Keywords: Indian constitution, Social justice, Affirmative action, Inclusive governance, Caste-based discrimination.

Paper Title:
SPORTS IN INDIA FROM ANCIENT PERIOD TO MODERN PERIOD
Author Name:
Meenakshi Gupta
Country:
India
Page No.:
9-11
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SPORTS IN INDIA FROM ANCIENT PERIOD TO MODERN PERIOD
Author: Meenakshi Gupta

India was one of the most developed countries in the ancient period.It gave many games and sports to the world and also accepts the modernized or improved version of them from the world. India has a rich heritage of different sports activities which can be found in archaeological excavations of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, the Vedic literature and the other epics and the literature works of different culture. The history of the sports in India can be traced back to the ancient time of Vedic era. At that time, sports were concerned or used for the development of the physique and for the defence.India has evolved a number of games. The games like chess, snakes and ladders, playing card, racing, polo, judo had originated as sports in India and it was a gift to the world.

Paper Title:
DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR’S VISION ON DEMOCRACY: AN OVERVIEW
Author Name:
Sandeep Kaur
Country:
India
Page No.:
12-15
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DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR’S VISION ON DEMOCRACY: AN OVERVIEW
Author: Sandeep Kaur

This research paper is an attempt to analyze the views of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar on Democracy. Democracy, from layman’s perspective is nothing but freedom, liberty. Therefore, to understand the true meaning and importance of the concept of Democracy through the lenses of legal luminaries like Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar says: “Democracy is not a form of government but a form of social organisation.”He firmly believed that political democracy cannot succeed without social and economic democracy. For him, political democracy is not an end itself, but the most powerful means to achieve the social and economic ideals in society. He was against violence. He was firm believer of the Buddhist doctrine of non- violence. He asked his followers to ‘agitate’ for their rights in a peaceful manner. He said that violence undermines the spirit of democracy. Ambedkar’s conception of democracy does not focus any class structure in society, because in class structure breeds tyranny, vanity, pride, arrogance, greed, selfishness, insecurity, poverty, degradation, loss of liberty, independence, dignity and self-respect. He was a political realist: therefore, he regarded democracy in its practical aspect as the social organisation of the people in the sense that the people included all members of society.
Keywords: Democracy, Constitution, Freedom, Equality.

Paper Title:
PARALLEL STUDY ON IMPACT OF 1918 PANDEMIC [H1N1 VIRUS] OR SPANISH FLU AND COVID-2019 ON INDIA
Author Name:
Anita Moudgil
Country:
India
Page No.:
16-21
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PARALLEL STUDY ON IMPACT OF 1918 PANDEMIC [H1N1 VIRUS] OR SPANISH FLU AND COVID-2019 ON INDIA
Author: Anita Moudgil

Human lives are important. Human beings are the assets of an economy. Every effort must be put to save human lives from diseases.History teaches us many lessons from various Pandemics which took so many Human lives. The 1918 Pandemic or Spanish flu can be compared to Novel Corona Virus or Covid-2019.
Many significant lessons can be learnt from 1918 Pandemic and its impact on India. This will help us to save human lives from Covid-2019 Pandemic.The Proper understanding of the impact of 1918 Pandemic will help the Government and People for adopting suitable per-cautionary measures to stop the spread of Covid-2019 Virus.
The present paper explores the impact of 1918 Pandemic and of COVID-2019 on India. The objectives of the paper are:
1) To understand the nature and impact of 1918 Pandemic in India.
2) To find out the ways and methods used to handle this Pandemic during British Rule in India.
3) To compare the 1918 Pandemic and COVID -2019 Pandemics in India.
4) To find out the measures adopted for the upliftment of the Indian economy.
5) To make some suggestions.

Paper Title:
समग्र स्वास्थ के लिए योग और आहार
Author Name:
प्रदीप शर्मा
Country:
India
Page No.:
22-24
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समग्र स्वास्थ के लिए योग और आहार
Author: प्रदीप शर्मा

स्वास्थ का संबध सीधे तौर पर आहार और योग से हैए क्यों कि आहार से ही जीवन चलता हैए और अगर आहार सही ना हो तो वो रोग का कारण बनता है । रोग न हो इसके लिए जीवन मे योग का महत्व बहुत अधिक है । योग समग्र स्वास्थ के लिए आज की आवश्यकता बन गया है। इस प्रकार हम देखते है कि योगए आहारए और समग्र स्वास्थ का आपस मे बहुत गहरा संबंध है । आज के समय मे शारिरिक स्वास्थ को ही समग्र स्वास्थ समझ लिया जा रहा है। जो कि स्वास्थ का केवल एक पहलू है । आज स्वास्थ के समग्र आयामों को समझने की आवश्यकता है । जिस से संपूर्ण रूप से स्वस्थ समाज की स्थापना की जा सके । इसके लिए हमें सबसे पहले अपने आहार को पहचानना होगा । क्यों कि कहा भी गया है कि जैसा खाओ अन्न वैसा हो मन। योग को सिर्फ आसन समझ लेना पर्याप्त नही यह समझना होगा कि योग की सभी विधियाँ हमारे शारिरिकए मानसिकए सामाजिक और आध्यात्मिक स्वास्थ्य के विकास के लिए आवश्यक है ।
परिचयरू.यहाँ हमें आहारए योगए और समग्र स्वास्थ्य को अलग अलग समझने की आवश्यकता है । ताकि हम इन्हें अच्छे से जान सके।

Paper Title:
SPIRITUAL SYNTHESIS IN PATTANAIK NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF RELIGION AND TRADITION
Author Name:
Diksha Rani and Renu Sharma
Country:
India
Page No.:
25-28
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SPIRITUAL SYNTHESIS IN PATTANAIK NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF RELIGION AND TRADITION
Author: Diksha Rani and Renu Sharma

This research paper delves into the profound exploration of spiritual synthesis within the narrative techniques of Devdutt Pattanaik, a prominent mythologist and author. The study aims to unravel the intricate interplay between religion and tradition as portrayed in Pattanaik's interpretations of Hindu mythology. By examining his diverse and extensive body of work, which spans across books, articles, and talks, the research seeks to identify the nuanced ways in which Pattanaik bridges the gap between ancient religious traditions and contemporary spiritual perspectives. The paper employs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on literary analysis, cultural studies, and religious studies to analyze Pattanaik's narrative strategies. It investigates how he weaves together the threads of mythology, philosophy, and spirituality to create a tapestry that resonates with modern audiences while maintaining a connection to traditional roots. The study also explores the impact of Pattanaik's interpretations on shaping contemporary understandings of Hindu spirituality, challenging and expanding traditional perspectives. Through a comprehensive examination of select mythological tales and the incorporation of relevant theoretical frameworks, this paper aims to shed light on the unique contribution of Pattanaik in fostering a spiritual synthesis. Additionally, it reflects on the implications of this synthesis for individuals seeking a deeper understanding of the spiritual dimensions within the rich tapestry of Hindu religion and tradition. Ultimately, this study endeavors to contribute to the broader discourse on the evolving nature of spirituality and its intersection with established religious traditions, utilizing Devdutt Pattanaik's works as a lens through which to explore the dynamic relationship between religion and tradition in the contemporary world.
Keywords: Spiritual Synthesis, Religion, Tradition, Mythology, Narrative techniques, modern.

Paper Title:
B.R. AMBEDKAR’S APPROACH TO INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Author Name:
Indu
Country:
India
Page No.:
29-36
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B.R. AMBEDKAR’S APPROACH TO INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Author: Indu

Foreign policy consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interest. It is a plan of action employed by one nation in its diplomatic dealings with other state and non-state actors. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar remains one of modern India’s towering personalities and was influential in lighting the minds of present and future generations of citizens. While his social, political, and economic aspects were well-known by many scholars, his approach to international relations and foreign relations is shady. His approach toward Indian foreign policy and international relations was realistic and pragmatic and could be more profitable for a new India, or it could make India the strongest country in the world. What is well known is that Dr. Ambedkar fought against the caste system but what is not known is his role in the country’s foreign policy and in making India a great and independent power. This research article shows Ambedkar’s perspective on India’s Foreign Policy and approach to international relations. The Analytical and Descriptive methods have been followed to examine his approach and views to resolve the same.
Keywords: Ambedkar, Foreign Policy, Nehru, China, Goa, Pakistan, International relations, Jammu and Kashmir, USA, Panchsheel, British.

Paper Title:
स्वदेशी उद्यमिताः ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन
Author Name:
Amanpreet Kaur
Country:
India
Page No.:
37-39
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स्वदेशी उद्यमिताः ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन
Author: Amanpreet Kaur

भारतीय स्वतन्त्रता आंदोलन का स्वदेशी आंदोलन सफल रणनीति व एक महान राष्ट्रीय दर्शन है। इस रणनीति का लक्ष्य ब्रिटेन में बने माल का बहिष्कार करना तथा भारत में बने माल का अधिकाधिक, प्रयोग करके विदेशी आर्थिक नीति को हानि पंहुचाना था क्योंकि कहीं न कहीं ये ही विचारधारा ब्रिटेन की औपनिवेशिक नीति का मुख्य स्तंभ थी। स्वदेशी का विचार 19वीं शताब्दी के उत्तरार्ध में उदित हुआ। इसे धरातल पर उतारने का श्रेय मध्यम वर्गीय, पश्चिमी शिक्षित समूहों को जाता है जिन्होंने 1894 में पंजाब नेशनल बैंक की स्थापना की व आगे चलकर भारतीय स्वामित्व वाली विभिन्न कंपनियों की स्थापना की जिससे भारतीय व्यवसायी वर्ग का सामाजिक आधार फैला, व युवाओं की राष्ट्र निर्माण में येगदान करने का रचनात्मक रास्ता दिखया तथा आने वाली पाढ़ियों को अद्भूत प्रेरणा दी।
ज्ञमलूवतके: स्वदेशी, उद्योग, आर्थिक, आत्मनिर्भरता, उत्पाद, खुदरा तंत्र।

Paper Title:
DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR’ SIDE AS ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Author Name:
Kyba Nanuan
Country:
India
Page No.:
40-46
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DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR’ SIDE AS ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Author: Kyba Nanuan

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was a champion of human rights and advocated for the dignity of women and the oppressed. He was a social justice pioneer who worked tirelessly to empower women. According to him, everyone should be treated equally, regardless of caste, creed, gender, or religion. He began advocating for women's liberation and rights. His goal was to create a society built on social justice. He recognized gender inequality in Indian society and advocated for their inclusion in modern society. Dr. Ambedkar provided many provisions in the Indian constitution to strengthen and elevate women's positions, giving them equal status with men.
The ideas and perspectives of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar regarding women's empowerment are the main subject of this paper. It will teach us about Dr. Ambedkar's efforts to improve the lives of Indian women. It examines Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's role as a thinker and social reformer in advancing women's social status.
KEYWORDS: Women empowerment, Women education, Awareness and Rights.

Paper Title:
CALCINATION TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON SNO2 NANOPARTICLES FOR THE ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF MALACHITE GREEN DYE MINERALIZATION UNDER NATURAL SOLAR LIGHT
Author Name:
Manmeet Kaur, Ranjana Sharma, Sarika1
Country:
India
Page No.:
47-50
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CALCINATION TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON SNO2 NANOPARTICLES FOR THE ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF MALACHITE GREEN DYE MINERALIZATION UNDER NATURAL SOLAR LIGHT
Author: Manmeet Kaur, Ranjana Sharma, Sarika1

The rapid use of organic dyes for industrial purposes has led to water pollution, which has sparked a lot of interest towards photocatalytic applications. The most affordable, green and widespread method of treating aquatic wastewater is by breakdown of the dye molecules with photocatalysts in the presence of daylight. Therefore, it is necessary to create photocatalytic materials that, when exposed to natural light, can produce reactive oxygen species. So, keeping in mind the aforementioned point, sol gel technique was used to synthesize Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles at three distinct temperatures such as 350 °C, 450 °C and 550 °C respectively. This article reports the significant degradation application of SnO2nanoparticles against Malachite Green (MG) dye under direct sunlight illumination. The removal of dye concentration found to be escalating with the increase in calcination temperature, as it repress the electron hole recombination process. The enhanced dye remediation rate of the as-synthesized nanoparticles achieved at550 °C of 88.9% can ascribed due to the lower energy bandgap value.
KEYWORDS: Malachite green; Tin oxide; Photocatalysis; Temperature; Bandgap

Paper Title:
EFFECTS OF SIX MONTHS OF TRATAK TRAINING ON SELECTED PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES AMONG MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS OF HIGH SCHOOL
Author Name:
Praveen Kumar, Himanshu Kumar
Country:
India
Page No.:
51-58
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EFFECTS OF SIX MONTHS OF TRATAK TRAINING ON SELECTED PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES AMONG MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS OF HIGH SCHOOL
Author: Praveen Kumar, Himanshu Kumar

The subjects for this consideration were 100 (50 male and 50 female) Tall School Understudies of Bijnor Distt. All the subjects were separated into four bunches i.e. two exploratory and two control bunches in individual sex categories the ages of the subjects will be extended from 16 to 21 a long time. Mental Factors: State Uneasiness, Cognitive Uneasiness, Stretch, Concentration and Self Certainty. The specific plan utilized would single gather plan Tratak preparing sessions were held thrice a week, for a length of 2 hours. Preparing was conferred for 8 weeks to see critical changes within the mental factors of the subjects. The information on mental factors was collected by regulating taking after standard tests: State uneasiness was measured by SCAT survey., Cognitive uneasiness was measured by the CSCAT survey. To decide the impact of tratak on chosen mental factors matched T-Test will be utilized. 05 level of centrality. Pearson's item minute correlation coefficient was utilized to set up a relationship among the pre and post-test scores of the particular bunches.
Keywords: Tratak, Psychological Variables, State Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety

Paper Title:
Rapid technological breakthroughs have transformed many industries, including education sector. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in influencing education industry in the future is one of the most important recent breakthroughs. AI is transforming
Author Name:
Ramita Kapoor, Shaili Gupta
Country:
India
Page No.:
59-63
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Rapid technological breakthroughs have transformed many industries, including education sector. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in influencing education industry in the future is one of the most important recent breakthroughs. AI is transforming
Author: Ramita Kapoor, Shaili Gupta

Rapid technological breakthroughs have transformed many industries, including education sector. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in influencing education industry in the future is one of the most important recent breakthroughs. AI is transforming how teachers teach, how students learn, and how educational institutions function. It is frequently regarded as a potent instrument. The revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern education is examined in this article, along with how it might completely alter the way that people learn and teach with AI tools. AI in the classroom makes it possible to assess students' and teachers' development more thoroughly. It may also be used to automate administrative tasks including student registration, attendance tracking, and grading. (Chhatwal et al., 2023) AI may also be used to provide dynamic, interesting lessons, give students instant feedback, and create virtual tutoring programs. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to completely transform education by making it more affordable overall, easier for teachers to manage, and more interesting for students.
KEYWORDS: NEP 2020, Artificial Intelligence, AI in Education, Emerging Technology, Benefits

Paper Title:
AWARENESS ASSESSMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: A FIELD SURVEY OF RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS IN YAMUNA NAGAR DISTRICTS OF HARYANA JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2024
Author Name:
Anita Moudgil
Country:
India
Page No.:
64-73
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AWARENESS ASSESSMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: A FIELD SURVEY OF RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS IN YAMUNA NAGAR DISTRICTS OF HARYANA JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2024
Author: Anita Moudgil

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are significant because India is a signatory to TRIPS agreement and member of WTO. Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time. IPR promotes research and innovations.
These rights encourage investment in new creative products, services and processes as these rights provide monopoly rights and exclusive rights to the creator and innovator. This also accelerates economic growth. The growth of knowledge economy depends on the protection of IPRs of the creators. IPRs protect the rights of all citizens and promote public welfare.
Intellectual property rights have different categories; Copyrights, Trademarks, Patents, Industrial designs, Geographical indications, plant varieties, Semi-conductors, Undisclosed information. The rights of authors of literary and artistic works (such as books and other writings, musical compositions, paintings, sculpture, computer programs and films) are protected by copyright, for a minimum period of 50 years after the death of the author.
Also protected through copyright and related (sometimes referred to as “neighbouring”) rights are the rights of performers (e.g. actors, singers and musicians), producers of phonograms (sound recordings) and broadcasting organizations. The main social purpose of protection of copyright and related rights is to encourage and reward creative work and geographical indications (which identify a good as originating in a place where a given characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin). Industrial property is protected to promote innovation and designs.
The awareness about IPRs is essential for the youth so as to develop their entrepreneurial skills which will help them to be the leaders in every field.
A field survey on awareness about IPR is conducted for a specified purpose with a definite objective with specific community or target group. It uses questionnaires or interviews so as to assess knowledge of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and its types such as patents, copyrights, trademarks.
IPR cell of D.A.V. COLLEGE FOR GIRLS YAMUNA NAGAR organises various activities to sensitize the students and faculty about the basic concepts of IPRs like copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications. The activities include poster drawings, debates, speeches and workshops by inviting resource persons like IPR specialist like lawyers.

Paper Title:
PARENTING STYLES, EMOTIONAL CLIMATE, AND ACADEMIC OUTCOMES: A PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY
Author Name:
Jyoti Kumari
Country:
India
Page No.:
74-80
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PARENTING STYLES, EMOTIONAL CLIMATE, AND ACADEMIC OUTCOMES: A PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY
Author: Jyoti Kumari

ABSTRACT
This research examines the intricate relationships among parenting styles, family emotional climate,
and academic outcomes in children and adolescents. Drawing on Diana Baumrind's foundational
typology of parenting styles—authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful—it explores how
these styles interact with the emotional atmosphere within the family to influence cognitive,
motivational, and behavioral aspects of academic performance. Through a comprehensive review of
empirical literature, including meta-analyses and longitudinal studies, the inquiry reveals that
authoritative parenting, characterized by warmth and firm guidance, fosters a supportive emotional
climate that enhances academic achievement. In contrast, authoritarian and permissive styles often
correlate with strained emotional environments, leading to diminished outcomes. Moderating factors
such as socioeconomic context and child age are discussed, alongside implications for psychological
interventions. The analysis underscores the need for integrated family-based approaches to promote
optimal educational trajectories.
Keywords: Parenting styles, Authoritative parenting, Authoritarian parenting, Permissive parenting,
Neglectful parenting, Baumrind's typology, Family emotional climate

Paper Title:
FROM INNOCENCE TO SAVAGERY: TRACING THE DISINTEGRATION OF IDENTITY IN WILLIAM GOLDING’S MAJOR NOVELS
Author Name:
Rajeev Chandra Prasad Visala
Country:
India
Page No.:
81-85
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FROM INNOCENCE TO SAVAGERY: TRACING THE DISINTEGRATION OF IDENTITY IN WILLIAM GOLDING’S MAJOR NOVELS
Author: Rajeev Chandra Prasad Visala

ABSTRACT
William Golding's principal novels illustrate a distressing progression from innocence to brutality, in
which the fragmentation of identity serves as the primary catalyst for human disintegration. This paper
examines this motif in four important works: Lord of the Flies (1954), The Inheritors (1955), Pincher
Martin (1956), and Free Fall (1959). It shows how initial states of pure selfhood break down when
faced with innate primal forces, societal voids, and existential challenges. In Lord of the Flies,
youthful innocence disintegrates into tribal savagery, revealing the vulnerability of civilised identity.
The Inheritors contrasts Neanderthal communal purity with Homo sapiens' predatory egoism,
highlighting the loss of evolutionary identity. Pincher Martin depicts the hallucinatory disintegration
of a solitary individual, wherein wartime trauma leads to the dissolution of the ego into mythic
oblivion. Free Fall examines artistic and moral identity in the context of historical atrocity, resulting in
a state of existential authenticity. This analysis, utilising psychoanalytic, existential, and thematic
perspectives, elucidates Golding's critique of identity as a deceptive refuge against savagery,
suggesting its dissolution is unavoidable without transformative introspection. Golding's stories, which
came from his disappointment after World War II, are strong allegories for the constant fall of humans
from grace to chaos.
Keywords: William Golding, innocence to savagery, identity disintegration, primal regression, ethical
collapse, Lord of the Flies, The Inheritors, Pincher Martin

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