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Archives Volume-3, Issue-2 (July-December)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
GANDHIAN RELIGION
Author Name:
Seema Sethi
Country:
India
Page No.:
54-59
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GANDHIAN RELIGION
Author: Seema Sethi

Though deeply religious, Gandhi cannot be categorized as belonging to any particular sect or creed. Like all great messiahs and masters, he rose above the practices of the day and brought out the essence from each faith, beautifully interweaving various religious traditions to create a mosaic of spirituality that was uniquely his own. Gandhi firmly believed that it is useless to preach something without practising it. To him, practice always came first. He lived a life where his mind, thoughts and actions were always in synergy with the principles he subscribed to, the ultimate goal of spirituality. During his 21 years in South Africa, Gandhi's way of thought and life completely changed. His thought and life were in complete synergy with each other, his actions were based on his thinking, were interwoven like lock and key. He was convinced that human actions sprang from both the head and the heart; and that individuals could not be shaken out of complacency on issues of vital importance by sermons and arguments alone. One had to touch their hearts and activate their conscience which can be done on the basis of religion.

Paper Title:
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SPORTS PERFORMANCE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE
Author Name:
Jigyasa Bansal
Country:
India
Page No.:
60-63
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PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SPORTS PERFORMANCE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE
Author: Jigyasa Bansal

Training the mind, as well as the body, is increasingly being recognised as vital to achieving sporting success. Understanding how to apply psychology in sport can help improve an athlete's motivation and ultimately their performance. Both sport psychology (focusing on the dynamic interplay between psychological factors and athletic performance) and sport and exercise psychology (focusing on using psychological insight to increase exercise and activity levels) are essential components in empowering performance. Whether that be for professional athletes or the general population, an understanding of how the mind works can have a huge impact. There are many psychological factors that affect sports performance , this paper would examine a few of them.

Paper Title:
भेदभाव: एक अभिषाप
Author Name:
टंजू बाला
Country:
India
Page No.:
64-75
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भेदभाव: एक अभिषाप
Author: टंजू बाला

भेदभाव एक प्रकार का अन्यायपूर्ण व अनैतिक व्यवहार होता है । जो किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा, एक समूह द्वारा किसी विषेष व्यक्ति या विषेष समूह के साथ धर्म, जाति, भाषा, लिंग, नस्ल, क्षेत्र जन्म स्थान के आधार पर किया जाता है । जिससे वह विषेष वर्ग अपने मूलभूत अधिकारों और स्वतन्त्रताओं से वंचित रहता है और उसके जीवन का उचित विकास भी नहीं हो पाता यदि समाज को दो वर्गों में बांटा जाए तो एक शक्तिषाली वर्ग होता है और दूसरा कमजोर वर्ग, जो लोग भेदभाव का ज्यादा शिकार होते है वे कमजोर वर्ग से सम्बन्धित होते है । इस कमजोर वर्ग में उन जाति, धर्म, नस्ल, भाषा लिंग आदि से सम्बन्धित व्यक्ति ओते हैं जिन्हें समाज हीन दृष्टि से देखता है।
यदि भारत में भेदभाव के आधारों का अध्ययन किया जाए तो भारत में यह धर्म के आधार पर, जाति के आधार पर लिंग के आधार पर भाषा के आधार पर और असमर्थ लोगों के प्रति भेदभाव के रूप में व्याप्त है ।
भारत में भेदभाव की समस्या को गम्भीर मुद्दा मानते हुए भारत के संविधान निर्माताओं ने भारतीय संविधान में भारत के सभी नागरिकों को लिंग, जाति, धर्म, भाषा और असमर्थता के विभेद किए बिना समानता के अधिकार की गांरटी प्रदान की है । भारत के सभी नागरिकों को संविधान में वर्णित सभी मौलिक अधिकार बिना किसी विभेद के समान रूप से प्रदान करने के प्रावधान किए गए है । भारतीय संविधान में नीति-निर्देषक सिद्धान्तों के अन्तर्गत राज्य के अपने नागरिकों के प्रति कर्त्तव्यों का भी निर्धारण किया गया है । भारतीय सरकार द्वारा भारत में भेदभाव को रोकने के लिए और भेदभाव से पीड़ित लोगों के संरक्षण के लिए कई प्रकार के कानूनी प्रावधान भी किए गए है ।
अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर 1945 में यू.एन.ओ. की स्थापना के बाद समानता के अधिकार को अधिकार की श्रेणी में सर्वोपरि अधिकार माना गया । इस प्रकार अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर यू.एन.ओ. द्वारा विभिन्न प्रकार के भेदभावों को रोकने के लिए समय-समय पर अनेक घोषणाएं, अभिसमय प्रोटोकाल पारित किए गए ।

Paper Title:
REVOLT OF FOUR INDIAN JUDGES: MOTIVES, ETHICS AND INTERNATIONAL PRECEDENTS
Author Name:
Jyoti Boora
Country:
India
Page No.:
76-78
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REVOLT OF FOUR INDIAN JUDGES: MOTIVES, ETHICS AND INTERNATIONAL PRECEDENTS
Author: Jyoti Boora

On Friday January 12, 2018, something unprecedented happened in India. Four Supreme Court judges, Justices Kurian Joseph, Ranjan Gogoi, J. Chelameswar, and Madan Lokur, revolted against Dipak Misra, the Chief Justice of India (CJI). This was a remarkable event considering that the Supreme Court of India has five senior judges. The judges held a press conference and publicly criticized the CJI Misra over what they termed as his arbitrary way of assigning vital cases to benches headed by junior Supreme Court Judges, and in so doing ignoring the senior judges. They claimed that he assigned the cases to benches of preference regardless of the fact that the cases had far reaching effects, and consequences on India. The press conference was held at the resident of Justice Chelameswar, the senior most judge, which is only 200 meters from the residence of the Chief Justice.
Key Words: Judiciary, Supreme Court Judges, Constitution, Revolt, Democracy.

Paper Title:
POLYPHONIC FEMALE VOICE IN RAJA RAO’S KANTHAPURA
Author Name:
Shweta Ahuja
Country:
India
Page No.:
79-82
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POLYPHONIC FEMALE VOICE IN RAJA RAO’S KANTHAPURA
Author: Shweta Ahuja

The novel Kanthapura traces the psychological revolution that accompanied the emergence of the woman from within the twin incarnations of the devil and the dasi, that has reigned in the imagination of the patriarchy since age. Raja Rao’s Kanthapura is a refined study of the profound change that the Gandhian movement of the theories brought into the life of Indian women. Different female characters portrayed in the novel take on various roles as per the demand of situation and need. The novel throws light on the importance of female voice in Indian society especially during the time of freedom struggle. Some women are represented as having a modern viewpoint, others orthodox and stereotypical in their attitude. Some are satyagrahis and rational and there are others who are portrayed as housewives and widows. They play the leading roles in their respective pursuits. History, in the novel is looked from the female point of view as opposed to the analytical power of the male view. Raja Rao describes through the novel that women can also take part in the affairs of state as well as of religion. Kanthapura is also a novel which criticizes the orthodoxy of Indian culture and patriarchy. The paper is an effort to study polyphonic female characters who face various hurdles in the event of freedom struggle. They face the lathi charge, bullets, riots, rampage boldly along with their male counterparts. They are ready to take charge whatsoever come their way. They are at peace in the end ready to face on new challenges of their life. The woman characters represented here are in sharp contrast to the weak, humble, meek, subdued and victimised women as represented in other novels of those times. The paper tries to refurbish the identity of women despite all odds.

Paper Title:
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION IN INDIA
Author Name:
Narayanappa N K
Country:
India
Page No.:
83-86
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POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION IN INDIA
Author: Narayanappa N K

ABSTRACT :
Political institutions collectively shape India's democratic governance, ensuring checks and balances in
decision-making, representation at various levels, and the rule of law. The interplay between these
institutions is a testament to India's commitment to democracy and inclusive governance. Political parties
and elections are the lifeblood of India's vibrant democracy. They play a crucial role in shaping the country's
political landscape and ensuring representation of diverse interests. Political participation and representation
are fundamental aspects of India's democratic system, allowing citizens to engage in the political process
and ensuring that their voices are heard in governance.
Keywords : Political institutions, Political parties, Political participation and Representation.

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