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Archives Volume-1, Issue-2 (July-December)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
Gandhi on Development
Author Name:
Anil Dutta Mishra, Malkit Singh
Country:
India
Page No.:
1-9
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Gandhi on Development
Author: Anil Dutta Mishra, Malkit Singh

Development is generally define as process of progress in the every sphere of life and the present human society and human set-up is result of the development process of human civilisation from the very dawn of human history. However, development is also a very complex and multi-dimensional phenomena and the concept of development may vary not only from one civilisation to other civilisation but two individual may also differ on the concept and notion of development and it’s out-put. In this paper and attempt has been made to understand the modern notion of development its shortcoming and the Gandhian solution to catastrophes of the modern development.
Key words: Gandhiji, Development ,Humanity, Ethics,Greed

Paper Title:
Indian Economy after Independence and Gandhi’s Economic Model: Addressing the Challenges of Indian Economy in Light of Gandhian Philosophy
Author Name:
Anshul Sharma
Country:
India
Page No.:
10-23
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Indian Economy after Independence and Gandhi’s Economic Model: Addressing the Challenges of Indian Economy in Light of Gandhian Philosophy
Author: Anshul Sharma

India, home to almost one-sixth of the global population, is one of the fastest growing emerging economies today. Last 70-years of independence have seen many changes in India’s Socio-economic landscape which has led India to emerge as Asia’s third largest economy. Our development efforts today face stumbling blocks in tackling poverty in the presence of high inflation. This research paper tries to review India’s growth story and development issues in light of Gandhi’s economic model and his philosophy of trusteeship. India has grown as a planned economy since independence. The first few plans focused on growth with strengthening of the manufacturing sector emphasising heavy industries to form the backbone of the economy. The objective of India’s development strategy has been to establish a socialistic pattern of society through economic growth with self-reliance and poverty alleviation to be achieved within a democratic political framework. This happened in two phases where both public and private sectors co-existed in pre-liberalisation and post-liberalisation era characterized by NEP. Over the years India has witnessed a changing composition of its economic structure: agriculture which initially comprised of 60 per cent of the GDP now comprises around 26 per cent of GDP and services comprise a massive 75 per cent of the GDP growing from 30 per cent in the 1950s. The landmark changes in 1991 were, rather, brought about in India under pressure from IMF and World Bank when India was left with foreign exchanges to barely support two weeks imports. Talking of poverty in India primarily three measures are in use:
• The poverty line (identification)
• The poverty gap Index (depth)
• The squared poverty gap index (inequality among poor)

Paper Title:
Urbanisation and Development: A Comparative study of India and China
Author Name:
Arti Rani
Country:
India
Page No.:
24-33
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Urbanisation and Development: A Comparative study of India and China
Author: Arti Rani

India and China both developing countries combine to constitute 1/3 of the world population. Population growth is a major factor of urbanisation in India and China. The growth of urbanisation is linked with the process of economic development. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between urbanisation and development in India and China. The study is based on secondary data which is collected from World Development Indicators, Economic Survey and Human Development Report etc. Averages, Least Square model and Correlation have been used to confirm the hypothesis of a positive link between urbanisation and development in India and China. The study concludes that Industry and Service sector have been the two main growth engine of India and China. There is a weak relationship between Urbanisation and development in India comparative to China. Government should implement various policies that provide the benefits of increased urban population.
Keynotes: India, China, Urbanisation, Development.

Paper Title:
Right To Legal Aid in India: A Critical Appraisal
Author Name:
Bal Krishan Chawla
Country:
India
Page No.:
34-41
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Right To Legal Aid in India: A Critical Appraisal
Author: Bal Krishan Chawla

India is a democratic state where the rule of law is fundamental principle in its governance and is important since for the preservation of prevail. The importance of legal aid assumes a new dimension due to the fact that India is a developing country and in order to confront the problems, impediments and difficulties faced on the way to development and grown, legal aid for the poor and the destitute and deprived members of the society is an indispensable part of the system. The Constitution of India guarantees certain rights which are fundamental for the very existence and survival of the human beings. The preamble of Constitution of India itself spells out the various ideals. One of the ideals is Justice: social, economic and political. Article 39-A also casts a positive duty upon the State to provide and secure the justice to all and to ensure that justice is not denied because of economic and other disabilities. In consonance with the said Article 39-A of the Constitution of India, The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, which came into force on 09.11.1995, was enacted to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society and to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reasons of economic or other disabilities. This paper is aimed to analyse the law and law and practice in relation to legal aid and the role of the Apex Court for protection of the right to legal aid in the present scenario with authentic references and case law.

Paper Title:
Child and Maternal Health in South Asia: Achievements, Challenges and the Way Forward
Author Name:
Barkat-e-Khuda, Samiha Barkat, Mohammad Sazzad Hasan
Country:
India
Page No.:
42-58
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Child and Maternal Health in South Asia: Achievements, Challenges and the Way Forward
Author: Barkat-e-Khuda, Samiha Barkat, Mohammad Sazzad Hasan

Most South Asian countries made progress in child health. Except Afghanistan and Pakistan, the South Asian countries have either achieved the targeted gains in childhood mortality, i.e., MDG 4 (Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bangladesh) or are on track of achieving the target (India and Nepal). Also, several South Asian countries made progress in maternal health. Maldives and Sri Lanka have achieved the targeted gains in maternal mortality, i.e. MDG 5; and Bangladesh is on track, while India, Pakistan and Afghanistan are off track. There has been increase in contraceptive use and declines in unmet need and fertility. However, the gains in child and maternal health have not been uniform both within and among countries.
To achieve further gains in improving child and maternal health, especially insofar as the SDG 3 is concerned, South Asian countries must effectively address the challenges to make the gains in child and maternal health more inclusive. The political will and commitment for improving the health sector performance must be clearly reflected in policy documents and budgets; and must be effectively implemented.
Keywords: Child health; maternal health; MDG; SDG; South Asia

Paper Title:
Gandhian Approach to Trusteeship and It’s Relevance
Author Name:
Bindu Sharma
Country:
India
Page No.:
59-63
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Gandhian Approach to Trusteeship and It’s Relevance
Author: Bindu Sharma

Gandhi strongly advocated the concept of trusteeship which is an effort towards "spiritualization of economics". Although Gandhi was not an economist but throughout his life he formulated many concepts in order to achieve an equitable economic society. His economic ideas were deeply rooted in the dignity of the man. The existing socio-economic issues can be solved with the pragmatic approach of Gandhi. The protection of human dignity is the ultimate aim of the concept of trusteeship. Truly speaking, the demand and desire of the modern man is to be free from any kind of exploitation. In the present scenario of economic unrest and exploitation, the Gandhian concept of trusteeship is really relevant. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse and understand the concept of trusteeship and its relevance.
Key words: Gandhi, Trusteeship, Economics, Human Dignity.

Paper Title:
NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENT BOYS
Author Name:
Abha Khetarpal
Country:
India
Page No.:
64-72
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NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENT BOYS
Author: Abha Khetarpal

Adolescence is regarded as the period of stress and strain, storm and strike. This is the time when an individual undergoes tremendous changes both physically, emotionally and psychologically. A profound and abrupt change is clearly perceptible into the development of the child who is neither too young nor too old. This sudden growth and development in the child is the unique characteristic of adolescence, an age which requires lots of care, affection, guidance, proper monitoring and motivation. Adolescence can be a time of both disorientation and discovery. The transitional period can bring up issues of independence and self-identity; many adolescents and their peers face tough choices regarding schoolwork, sexuality,drugs, alcohol, and their social life. Peer groups, romantic interests and external appearance tend to naturally increase in importance for some time during a teen's journey toward adulthood. Adolescence comprises nearly half of the growing period in man .With the beginning of adolescence growth rate rises sharply until a peak is reached and it is followed by a decline .One hundred and fifty adolescent boys of 13 to 15 years of age were selected from various govt. schools of district karnal and nutritional status was determined by anthropometric measurements and by clinical examination . Adolescent boys who had higher nutritional status were from educated families who belonged to nuclear family and had high economic status parents as compared to adolescents who had less educated parents, from low economic status and belonging to joint families . Dental caries, signs of vitamin B complex deficiency and night blindness were found to be prevailing nutritional deficiency signs noticed in the adolescent boys.
Keywords: Adolescence, anthropometric measurements, stress, nutritional status, diet

Paper Title:
Conflict Resolution: A Gandhian Way
Author Name:
Krishan kumar
Country:
India
Page No.:
73-86
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Conflict Resolution: A Gandhian Way
Author: Krishan kumar

Today, peaceful environment is necessary for the human life, development and human modernization. But on the other hand some thinkers view is that competition is also necessary for the development, enjoyment, modernization of human being. So, that is controversial if competition is necessary for human life. How peace is possible in human life and when competition starts than so many conflicts open in individual, family, society, and international level? The various thinkers had written about the conflict resolution such as Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hegel, Karl Marx, and so on. But they had written about power, property, violence etc. are the means of conflict resolution, but their way of conflict resolution was so destructive. Then a question rise, how we solve the conflict, how we make a conflict constrictive than destructive? Then we found the answer of the question in the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. My research paper tries to understand about the Gandhi’s view on conflict resolution. How we could use Gandhi’s nonviolence, Satyagraha, Saryodaya, etc. for resolve any conflict without any loss.
Keywords: Gandhi, Conflict, Peace, Religion. India.

Paper Title:
Labor Laws and Working Women in India
Author Name:
Pooja Sindwani
Country:
India
Page No.:
87-92
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Labor Laws and Working Women in India
Author: Pooja Sindwani

Women are known to work on farms, in road and housing construction, and of late, in factories, at production centers manufacturing garments and electronic assembly plants with a great zeal & enthusiasm. Talented and Skilled women workers also have been working in several industries. In hill areas also, a large number of women are engaged in construction of forestry products including fuel wood, woolen garments. The majority of women work in the unorganized sector for very low wages and at low levels of skills. The number of unskilled women workers during the last four decades has more than doubled from 40 million to 90 million. Women are not given equality of rights in payment and equal treatment with men even they are a significant part of workforce in our country. According to Government sources, out of 407 million total workforce, 90 million are women workers, largely employed (about 87 percent) in the agricultural sector as laborers and cultivators. Still the position of women is worse. This paper deals with the constitutional provisions for women, problems faced by women and its need as well as suggested measures for improving the worse condition of women in the society.
Keywords: Skilled Women, Opportunities, Significant, Cultivators.

Paper Title:
Working W(oo)man: Status Quo and Legal Perspective
Author Name:
Sabhyata Bansal
Country:
India
Page No.:
93-100
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Working W(oo)man: Status Quo and Legal Perspective
Author: Sabhyata Bansal

You cannot empower a nation without empowering the position of women residing in that nation. The importance of economic independence of women have been time and again highlighted. The working women is facing many impediments in the field of life such as constant struggle to balance home and work, pregnancy, child birth, sexual harassment at workplace, unequal wages and unhealthy atmosphere etc. Women is often described as better half of man, but the actual condition in the world does not tally with this description. In no country have women achieved equality with men. In spite of Constitutional and other legal efforts the economic equality of women of all streams is still a distant dream. In the opinion of women themselves there are three important areas which were crucial and needed to be strengthened to enable their empowerment i.e. property, education and employment.
Keywords: Economic, impediments, equality, constitutional, legal, property, education, employment.

Paper Title:
Jawahar Lal Nehru and His Myth about China
Author Name:
Shashi Nautiyal
Country:
India
Page No.:
101-105
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Jawahar Lal Nehru and His Myth about China
Author: Shashi Nautiyal

No new nation was even born in such inhospitable condition as was India in 1947. Jawaharlal had to lead such country which was torn by communalism. Partition and food shortage although he had best colleagues to help him like Vallabh Bhai Patel, B.R. Ambedkar and C. Rajgopalachari yet it was his calibre to run the biggest democracy of the world. He wanted to make India a self reliant country free from the power blocs of the world after World War II. His efforts were interrupted in 1962 when communist China whom he considered India’s friend attacked India and it resulted in rout of an underprepared and poorly led. Indian army defeat was great setback for India as it was defeat of democracy by communism, it was like back stabbing by a friendly country. In India this defeat was interpreted in personal teems as that of Jawaharlal Nehru who held the office of Prime Minister at that time. This debacle nullified Nehru’s all achievements. Nehru’s attitude towards China was very friendly. Other than India and England the country that interested him most was China. India had cordial relations with her speculate threat of war from China as he had certain myths about true nature and purpose of China. In retrospect, it is evident that in the year between the invasion of Tibet in 1950 and the war of 1962, Jawaharlal Nehru made a series of miscalculations in his dealing with China. Thus errors were of two kinds first were personal – his officials who gave him wrong advice, second set of miscalculations were political namely, his ignorance or under estimation of the ideological dimensions of Chinese politics. Chinese attack on India was biggest shock to the India’s nonalignment policy. Chinese concealed their imperialistic interest in disguise of Panchsheel principles.
Jawaharlal Nehru the then prime minister could not understand the tricks of China and fell into her trap. Nehru was full of appreciations about China and this was clearly visible in his writings and speeches. He had perceived China as friend but his myth was shaken in 1962. Nehru could not forget China betrayal which later on proved to be fatal, for a year and half after 1962. Nehru died of heart attack.
Keywords – communism, nonalignment, imperialistic, Panchsheel

Paper Title:
Judicial Activism In Conflict With Separation of Powers
Author Name:
Suman Saharan, Pawan Kumar
Country:
India
Page No.:
106-109
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Judicial Activism In Conflict With Separation of Powers
Author: Suman Saharan, Pawan Kumar

“Power corrupts and absolute power trends to corrupt absolutely”.
The separation of powers, also known as trias politica. The doctrine of separation of Power is
the forerunner to all the constitution of the world came into existence since the days of the
“Magna Carta”. Though Montesquieu was under the erroneous impression that the
foundations of the British Constitution lay in the Principle of Separation of Power, it found its
genesis in the American Constitution. Montesquieu had a feeling that it would be a panacea
to good governance but it had its own drawbacks. A complete Separation of Power without
adequate checks and balances would have nullified any Constitution. It was only this in mind
the founding fathers of various constitutions have accepted this theory with modification to
make it relevant to the changing times.

Paper Title:
An Analysis of Economic Growth in Haryana
Author Name:
Parmod Kumar Aggarwal , Anita Moudgil
Country:
India
Page No.:
110-119
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An Analysis of Economic Growth in Haryana
Author: Parmod Kumar Aggarwal , Anita Moudgil

Development is a multi-dimensional process involving the re-orientation and re-organization of entire economic and social systems. The levels of income and output change, involving changes in the institutional, structural and social setup., Economic growth is an increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one period of time to another. Structural change is defined as a change in the relative weight of the significant components of aggregative indicators of the economy like national product and expenditure, exports and imports and population and labour force. Haryana economy is one of the fastest growing economy of India. It has been growing at a faster pace and experiencing structural change. The present study examines the pattern of economic growth and structural change in Haryana. Along with economic development structural change is taking place. It is reflected in the relative output share of the three main sectors of the State economy. But paradoxically, this structural change is not moving at the desired pace in the employment shares.
Key Words: Development, Strucutral change, Primary sector, Secondary sector, Service sector

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