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Archives Volume-1, Issue-1 (January-June)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
Challenges and Opportunities in Higher Education in the Context of Globalization
Author Name:
Atul Sarma
Country:
India
Page No.:
1-8
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Challenges and Opportunities in Higher Education in the Context of Globalization
Author: Atul Sarma

Let me start with a couple of observations. The first relates to an important insight I obtained from a survey that I had conducted I Gujarat decades ago, in 1979, to be precise. The survey was carried out as part of a study for developing a methodology for evaluating the adult education program. While going around the villages in Gujarat along with the survey teams, I had gotten a sense of people’s perception about education at that time. It is the people were aware of the fact that educated people got good jobs and had a higher level of living. But they also perceived that the benefits of education would accrue only if they could support the education of their children beyond the threshold level. Since many of the villagers did not have the means to educate their children beyond the threshold level, they saw no point in sending their children to schools at all the depriving themselves of their farm or family help or the income that the children could supplement to their household income.
Much later in 2009-10, I had an opportunity as part of the Thirteenth Finance Commission to visit different parts of the country. I visited many work sites of women workers under the Mahatma Gandhi national Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). I had asked some of the women at random In those work sites located in different states: what they did with the cash that they earned? I got an overwhelming sense that they spent a large part of their earnings in sending their children, irrespective of whether boys or girls, to ‘English Speaking private School’. In the process I learned two things: one, what we have today is an aspirational society and two, there has been a huge awareness of education as a means of empowerment and as a means of economic betterment. This perception stood as a stark contrast to what I had obtained years ago as a narrated earlier.

Paper Title:
Counterinsurgency Transformation in the Philippines: From a Militarized Concept of Security to Human-Centred Security
Author Name:
Herbert B. Rosana
Country:
India
Page No.:
9-31
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Counterinsurgency Transformation in the Philippines: From a Militarized Concept of Security to Human-Centred Security
Author: Herbert B. Rosana

The Philippines is one of the few countries in the world with a long running communist insurgency. The country is an archipelago composed of seven thousand and one hundred islands located in the western pacific. A member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) . A former colony of Spain and later became a territory of the United States of America by virtue of the treaty of Paris in 1898. Having gained independence from the United States after World War II it has embarked on state building. However the social structural imbalance, the legacy of colonialism, has remained a problem. The process of state building as outlined by Ayoob in an article proved to be an appropriate paradigm to aptly describe the post colonial situation of the Philippines (Croker, et.al. 2005).

Paper Title:
Development in Bangladesh: How Inclusive?
Author Name:
Barkat-e-Khuda
Country:
India
Page No.:
32-64
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Development in Bangladesh: How Inclusive?
Author: Barkat-e-Khuda

Development is a complex issue. Economists generally interpret it in terms of improvement in economic condition of the people. However, in a broader context, development includes social and human development as well. Social development is about putting people at the centre of development. That is, development processes need to benefit people across all strata of the society. It implies that everyone has equal access to society’s goods such as health and education as well as equal opportunities to decent jobs.
The objective of this paper is to examine the different aspects of development in Bangladesh; and assess how inclusive these are. The paper is divided into seven sections. Sections 1-6 each deals with a particular aspect of development in the country. Section 7 puts forward concluding remarks and makes a number of recommendations to address how development in Bangladesh could be made more inclusive in the future.

Paper Title:
Development and Modernization - A Socio-Cultural Perspective of Sport
Author Name:
M.L. Kamlesh
Country:
India
Page No.:
65-69
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Development and Modernization - A Socio-Cultural Perspective of Sport
Author: M.L. Kamlesh

Development, modernization and sport are a unique socio-cultural value-based triumvirate operative in society. At par with, if not higher, commerce, industry, science and technology, sport, over the centuries and especially in the modern times, has empirically proved to be an effective instrument of change and progress, contributing substantially to shaping up world's social, cultural and economic scenario. It has spurred man, more than anything else, to take ever-changing life situations sportingly and to make an all-out concerted effort to achieve better standards of health, fitness and wellbeing without which neither productivity nor progress can possibly be ensured .

Paper Title:
Impact of Modernization on the Socio-Economic conditions of the society
Author Name:
Rekha Kalia Bhardwaj
Country:
India
Page No.:
70-73
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Impact of Modernization on the Socio-Economic conditions of the society
Author: Rekha Kalia Bhardwaj

Technological Development makes us more independent from nature, At the same time, at a different level, it makes us more dependent on nature’s whims- Salvoj Zizek,.
Socio Economic factors form an important component of modernization. These factors include employment opportunities, infrastructure expansion, consumption patterns, standard of living, reduction in poverty, educational and health facilities etc.
Modernization means advancement, urbanization, industrialization, adaptation of new technologies alongwith changes in social and cultural structures. Different anthologist define modernisation in different ways Modernization theorist from Karl Marx to Doniell Bell related modernization with adoption of culture and development processes of western countries so that non western societies could follow the western ways in place of their traditional culture for development. Historians like Kendall link modernization to the process of urbanization and industrialization alongwith better educational set up.

Paper Title:
Immigration, Identity Politics and Exclusion: The Experience of Assam
Author Name:
Bhupen Sarmah
Country:
India
Page No.:
74-86
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Immigration, Identity Politics and Exclusion: The Experience of Assam
Author: Bhupen Sarmah

With a relatively recent history of immigration encouraged by colonial administration, the Muslim peasantry with their distinct ethnic identity constitutes nearly one fourth of the total rural workforce of present Assam. The immigrants, overwhelmingly belonging to a broad class of oppressed peasantry providing a solid support base to the ruling congress during the post-colonial period had never been a major political issue in the state till the late 1970s. The identity movement of the indigenous Assamese (1979-85). Launched essentially on the issue of citizenship of the immigrants politically isolated the community from the indigenous peasantry on the one hand and ruined the prospects of left and democratic processes to articulate their class interests on the other. With a brief historical account of the process of immigration of the peasantry from the erstwhile east Bengal districts (present Bangladesh) to the Brahmaputra valley and substantial empirical insights, this paper attempts to analyse the issues of the immigrant peasants and rural workforce in the overall political context of Assam. The basic argument is in an overwhelmingly agrarian and multi ethnic society when the class boundaries are coterminous with ethnic boundaries and the ideological penetration of the left and democratic forces is poor, the peasantry of the dominant community tends to constitute a political constituency vulnerable to chauvinist identity political in order to articulate their interest. Consequently, the peasantry of the minority community, a victim of identity politics, lives in a precarious condition depending largely at the mercy of the ruling class.

Paper Title:
Regional Cooperation as a Pre-requisite for Development and Modernization of South Asia
Author Name:
Nishchal N. Pandey
Country:
India
Page No.:
87-90
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Regional Cooperation as a Pre-requisite for Development and Modernization of South Asia
Author: Nishchal N. Pandey

In today’s competitive world, on single nation can hope to gain economic prosperity and social cohesion by living in isolation. Regional cooperation endeavours have become popular throughout the world realizing the importance of joint action with immediate neighbours. ASEAN and EU are successful models of regional integration and with easy connectivity these two reagions have become win-win models of economic cooperation for all the member states. It is not enough just to say that volume of trade is low in South Asia compared to EU, or ASEAN. Low level of trade is a natural outcome of poor border infrastructure and connectivity, red-tapism, corruption and visa woes. Besides, all of us produce the same type of goods in South Asia. India has to take the lead to make SAARC a success because it has the most to gain in addition to the fact that a time has come to take all the smaller nations in its tryst with economic development.

Paper Title:
Agricultural Production and Consumption Trends in India: The Past, Present and Future
Author Name:
Parmod Kumar
Country:
India
Page No.:
91-115
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Agricultural Production and Consumption Trends in India: The Past, Present and Future
Author: Parmod Kumar

Agricultural Performance in the Last Three Decades
The widely held perception that the agricultural sector, broadly defined to include forestry and fishery, has not been part of India’s growth transition in the recent past is corroborated by data. Agriculture has languished at a time when the trend rate of growth in the other sectors of the economy has been rising. The divergence in growth rates of overall and agricultural GDP has persisted and even widened after the year 2000 (Figure 1), though volatility in agricultural growth rates has fallen since then. The GDP growth rate of agriculture peaked in the 1980s (i.e. 1980–89) at above 4 per cent, while overall GDP grew at a rate of 5.6 per cent during the same time period. Growth rate in agricultural GDP came down to 3.4 per cent in the 1990s (i.e. 1990-99) and further to 2.7 per cent during the decade of 2000s (i.e. 2000-09). In comparison, the overall GDP jumped from 5.7 per cent in the 1990s to 7.4 per cent during the 2000s. Thus, while the overall economy accelerated, the agricultural sector decelerated. As a result, the gap between the growth of agriculture, including allied sectors, and that of the rest of the economy continues to widen. This has led to a steeper fall in the share of agriculture and allied sectors in the rest of the economy, although no major changes have taken place in the employment structure.

Paper Title:
Socio Political and Economic Impact of Development and Modernization to the Youth.
Author Name:
Sri Nuryanti
Country:
India
Page No.:
116-125
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Socio Political and Economic Impact of Development and Modernization to the Youth.
Author: Sri Nuryanti

Development and modernization recently have impacted greatly on many aspect of the human society. However, youth I think the most affected by those two. In positive way, youth will have many challenging opportunities because of fast development and growing modernization. Many youth who have education advantage, financial support and skill, will easily catch up with the development and modernization. In contrast, youth who have disadvantages education, financial support and less skilled or unskilled, will be excluded from development and modernization benefit.
In many local regions, those youth who doesn't have good education, no skill training and no financial support will tend to be dependent to the assistant of government. In the case of Indonesia, we have Ministry of Youth and Sport who deal with this particular problem. To some extent, many ministries such as Ministry of Education, Ministry of Manpower also have to do something on this Youth problem. Many programs were executed to deal with the youth in this category. So far, we have many training centers and sports centers to be utilized by those who in need. Many low cost training courses also run by private enterprises to fulfill the various job opportunities with least practical skill. In politics, youth also supposed to play significant role especially in term of their participation. However, from political perspective, we still face challenge with their low political participation. Therefore, challenges are still exist. Ministries and private enterprises are trying to fulfill their good work to address the challenge. This paper will be going to examine the socio political and economic impact of development and modernization to the youth, with the example from Indonesia.

Paper Title:
Modernization and Women in China: Inclusion and Exclusion Perspective
Author Name:
Yue Zhaomin
Country:
India
Page No.:
126-139
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Modernization and Women in China: Inclusion and Exclusion Perspective
Author: Yue Zhaomin

Chinese society is in the transition from totalitarian society to individualized society, during which, the trend of "individualization" is being strengthened and the traditional "totalitarian society " is being broken through and surpassed. In the traditional "totalitarian society", individual's interests are safeguarded by the social security system, mainly the social welfare policies. While in the "individualized society", the individuals are becoming lonely and atomizing, and the personal identity is shaped by the rights that ensuring individual value and personal dignity instead of being defined within "collectivity". Because of its emphasis on personal talents and achievements, the "individualized society" is speeding up the stratification of society and legitimize the social inequalities. At the same time, in the "individualized society", individuals are likely getting less involved in the collective activities because of the fast-paced life-style, furthermore, the faster social mobility weakens the kinship ties, and the spatial subdivision of workplace and living place constrains the deep social relationships. Thus, the traditional bonds of kinships and neighborhoods are becoming loose, individuals are stepping out of the traditional "acquaintance society" and entering a "strangers society" instead, which results in more individual freedom and personal space.

Paper Title:
Health Status of the Elderly-A Social Perspective
Author Name:
Abha Khetarpal
Country:
India
Page No.:
140-148
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Health Status of the Elderly-A Social Perspective
Author: Abha Khetarpal

Ageing is a normal process and not a disease. Human ageing is characterized by progressive decline (referred to as homeostenosis) in the homeostatic reserve of every organ system. With increasing age there are metabolic changes and also reduction in physical activity. Elderly individuals also face problems in appropriate dietary intake because of alteration in taste with increasing age and loss of teeth. Nutritional needs of the elderly are influenced not only by the present physical state and activity of the individual but also by the long standing food habits and many social, environmental, emotional and physiological stresses to which a person has been subjected to throughout his life. The present study on institutionalized elderly above 60 years of Govt. and Private old age home of Chandigarh was undertaken to assess and compare their nutritional status. Techniques like anthropometry like height, weight, biochemical estimation like hemoglobin, lipid profile and one day 24 hr. dietary recall method were used for the assessment of nutritional status. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting demographic profile and health related problems. Analysis of nutritional status data revealed that inmates of private old age home presented a better nutritional status. Industrialization and urbanization together with the migration of the younger generation abroad has/have severe impact on the Indian society with the care of the aged having emerged as a pressing social problem. To an extent, old age homes have filled this need. A sharp contrast of environments was perceived to be existing in two types of institutional settings – those with free facilities which are government aided and those having to pay and stay facilities run by private undertakers.
Key words- Aging, Nutritional status, elderly, nutritious diet,

Paper Title:
Irrigation Pattern in Districts along Yamuna River in Haryana
Author Name:
Daljit kaur,Krishna kaushik
Country:
India
Page No.:
149-159
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Irrigation Pattern in Districts along Yamuna River in Haryana
Author: Daljit kaur,Krishna kaushik

Irrigation has been considered to be one of the chief ingredients along with the high yielding varieties of seeds and fertilizers, necessary for ushering in new dimensions in agriculture. Besides, dominating rural landscape and the hard working nature of cultivators the availability of water resources is essential for the development of agrarian economy of the Haryana. Irrigation is available from various sources like river, canal, tubewells, well etc. in the study area. The main stress has been on tube well irrigation, which irrigates most of the cultivated area in the study region. The intensity of tube well irrigation has increased manifolds and come closer to 100 per cent in the study area. In study area the density of tube wells increases at a very fast rate 18.19 in 1990-91 per square kilometre to 44.04 per square kilometres in 2005-06. The extent of irrigation has increased from 53.44 per cent to 92.04 per cent over the year of 1970-71 to 2005-06 in the study area. The intensity of irrigation directly influences the intensity of cropping, cropping pattern and crop combination in the region. Improvements in the irrigation infrastructure have increased the net area sown and double the cropped area. The proposed paper will be based on block-wise secondary data collected from various offices and organizations of the districts of study area from 1970 to 2006.
Keywords: intensity of irrigation, aerable land, concentration of tubewells, cropping patten, crop combination

Paper Title:
A Theoretical Perspective of Structural Change and Economic Development
Author Name:
Parmod K. Aggarwal, Anita Moudgil
Country:
India
Page No.:
160-168
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A Theoretical Perspective of Structural Change and Economic Development
Author: Parmod K. Aggarwal, Anita Moudgil

The process of economic development has been associated with structural change in every economy, following a sequence of shift from agriculture to industry and then to services. The investigation of the models of structural analysis and of theories of structural changes allows to understand the pattern of structural change and the growth of service sector in the national economies. The present paper is a brief review of the various economic theories and empirical studies concerning the relation between economic development/growth and structural change. A large number of studies have been analysed and a synoptic review of some of the research studies /theories are discussed here. The first part of the paper discusses the economic theories and structural change theories. The second part analyses the empirical studies regarding the process of growth and structural change.
Key Words: Economic development, Structural change, Structural Change Theories,

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