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Archives Volume-11, Issue-1, January-June 2026

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
SURVEILLANCE CAPITALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author Name:
Deepa S V
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18195756
Page No.:
1-9
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SURVEILLANCE CAPITALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author: Deepa S V

ABSTRACT
This article explores the phenomenon of surveillance capitalism through a critical sociological lens, focusing specifically on its profound and often subtle impacts on human social relationships and digital rights. Coined by Shoshana Zuboff, surveillance capitalism is conceptualized as a new economic order where the extraction of human experience as raw material for behavioural data (or "surplus value") is monetized through prediction products sold on behavioural futures markets. Drawing on critical theory, particularly the Frankfurt School's analysis of the culture industry and Foucault's concept of the Panopticon, this study analyses how the ubiquitous nature of digital
monitoring restructures social interactions, fostering a climate of calculated visibility and perpetual performance. The investigation reveals a dual effect: while digital platforms facilitate expansive social networks, the underlying mechanisms of surveillance erode authentic connection by incentivizing conformity, diminishing privacy boundaries, and weaponizing personal information in social contexts. The article argues that the commodification of the self leads to a "datafied alienation," replacing
autonomous sociality with algorithmically-mediated interaction. Furthermore, it examines the consequent erosion of digital rights, positing that the current paradigm necessitates urgent policy interventions and a robust reassertion of human autonomy against the logic of extraction. The final section proposes concrete sociological and legal suggestions to mitigate the deleterious effects of surveillance capitalism on the social fabric.

Keywords: Surveillance Capitalism, Social Relationships, Digital Rights, Datafied Alienation, Sociological Frameworks, Privacy Erosion.

Paper Title:
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KAKCHING AND CHANDEL DISTRICTS OF MANIPUR
Author Name:
Asha Elizabeth Chhetri
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18253138
Page No.:
10-20
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PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KAKCHING AND CHANDEL DISTRICTS OF MANIPUR
Author: Asha Elizabeth Chhetri

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the impact of parental involvement on the academic achievement of secondary school students in the contrasting districts of Kakching and Chandel in Manipur, India. Employing a descriptive correlational design, the study sampled 400 Class XI students (200 from each district) selected through multistage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Parental Involvement Scale (TPIS) and students' annual examination scores. Analysis using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests, Chi-Square tests, multiple regression, and Spearman's correlation revealed several key findings. Students in Kakching district reported significantly higher levels of parental involvement than those in Chandel (Mean Rank = 216.63 vs. 184.37, p = .005). However, the two districts had no significant difference in academic achievement levels (χ² = 2.046, p = .359). Moreover, the correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement was nonsignificant in both Chandel (ρ = –.045) and Kakching (ρ = +0.068). A regression analysis identified school type (β = -.362) and location (β = .333) as the only significant predictors of academic achievement. At the same time, parental involvement and other demographic factors were insignificant. These results challenge the universally positive association found in Western literature, suggesting that in Manipur's unique socio-cultural and economic context, structural factors like school quality and geographical location overshadow the influence of parental engagement on academic outcomes. The findings underscore the need for context-specific, culturally responsive educational policies and interventions.

Keywords: Parental Involvement, Academic Achievement, Secondary School Students, Manipur, Kakching, Chandel.

Paper Title:
ECOSPIRITUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: SWAMI VIVEKANANDA’S VISION IN THE POST-COVID ERA
Author Name:
Tawinder Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18502238
Page No.:
21-24
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ECOSPIRITUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: SWAMI VIVEKANANDA’S VISION IN THE POST-COVID ERA
Author: Tawinder Kaur

ABSTRACT
The concept of Ecospirituality blends ecological awareness with spiritual growth, emphasizing harmony between humans, nature, and the cosmos. Swami Vivekananda, one of the most influential spiritual leaders of modern India, offered profound insights into humanity’s relationship with nature and the environment. His vision of sustainability was deeply rooted in the principles of Vedanta, where material progress is balanced by spiritual growth and ecological responsibility. This paper tried to explore Swami Vivekananda's thoughts on ecological harmony, sustainability, and human-nature
interaction, and assesses their relevance in the post-COVID era. Given the global environmental crises and the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Swami Vivekananda's ecospiritual philosophy presents a holistic path for achieving long-term sustainability and spiritual growth.

Keywords: Ecospirituality, Swami Vivekanand, Post-COVID Era, Sustainability

Paper Title:
SUICIDAL TENDENCY AMONG THE ADOLESCENTS IN RAJASTHAN: NEED FOR IMPERATIVE
Author Name:
Karunesh Saxena, Hanuman Prasad & Manoj Kumawat
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18546623
Page No.:
25-36
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SUICIDAL TENDENCY AMONG THE ADOLESCENTS IN RAJASTHAN: NEED FOR IMPERATIVE
Author: Karunesh Saxena, Hanuman Prasad & Manoj Kumawat

ABSTRACT:
Adolescent suicide is a significant public health problem across the world. Adolescents are by nature a vulnerable group for mental health problems. In India, the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) statistics showed a consistent, concerning rise in suicide rates from 9.9 per lakh population in 2017 to 12.4 per lakh population in 2022. For the perspective of public mental health, suicide among youth is a main issue to address. Therefore we need good insight in the risk factors contributing to suicidal behaviour in younge people. According to the NCRB report-2022, the main reasons for suicidal
ideation among adolescents are family problems, failure in examination, love affairs, and illness. Further unraveling and knowledge of the complex interplay of these factors is highly relevant with regard to the development of effective prevention strategy plans for youth suicide.

Keywords: Adolescent, suicide, stress, isolation, Suicide prevention.

Paper Title:
CONGESTION IN THE CURRICULUM: CAUSES AND THE IMPACTS ON STUDENTS
Author Name:
Ronjita Roy
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18708010
Page No.:
37-39
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CONGESTION IN THE CURRICULUM: CAUSES AND THE IMPACTS ON STUDENTS
Author: Ronjita Roy

ABSTRACT:
Rapid societal and technological advancements have led to new topics being added to the curriculum without updating or removing outdated content, resulting in high levels of physical and mental stress for students. Due to this overcrowded curriculum, students often only memorize key points rather than achieving a deeper understanding of the subject matter.Overload creates a mismatch between capacity and load. Due to excessive content, projects and extra curricular activities, the curriculum is becoming
increasingly congested. Consequently, some students study merely to pass, while others focus only on key points to secure high marks.

Key words : Curriculum congestion, academic burnout, limited time frame, conventional pedagogical approach, curriculum modification.

Paper Title:
SWADESHI TO ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: CONTINUITY OF DEENDAYAL UPADHYAYA’S ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY
Author Name:
Harish .K. Thakur & Raman Kaith
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18708424
Page No.:
40-46
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SWADESHI TO ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: CONTINUITY OF DEENDAYAL UPADHYAYA’S ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY
Author: Harish .K. Thakur & Raman Kaith

ABSTRACT
Swadeshi has remained a persistent and evolving idea in Indian economic and political thought, symbolising self-reliance, ethical production, and cultural autonomy. Although it was created as an anti-colonial tool in the struggle against the freedom, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya developed its philosophical dimension in an even deeper way using the doctrine of Integral Humanism. This paper examines Atmanirbhar Bharat as a contemporary reinterpretation of Swadeshi through the philosophical framework of Deendayal Upadhyaya‟s Integral Humanism. Through the examination of the economic philosophy of Upadhyaya and the impact it has had on post-2014 policy programs such
as Make in India, Skill India, Digital India, Startup India and Atmanirbhar Bharat, the study posits that modern self-reliance rhetoric is extensively informed by the philosophy of Integral Humanism. However, the paper also critically evaluates the gaps between ideological intent and policy outcomes, highlighting structural challenges and contradictions. The paper concludes that Swadeshi as envisioned by Upadhyaya can still be useful as a holistic and ethical alternative to Western capitalist and socialist approaches, it moves beyond symbolic nationalism toward inclusive and decentralised
development.

Keywords: Swadeshi, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Integral Humanism, Deendayal Upadhyaya, Economic Self-Reliance, Antyodaya.

Paper Title:
GENDER-CASTE NEXUS IN WORK AND EMPOWERMENT: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Author Name:
Kumari Monika & Niranjna Bhandari
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18708648
Page No.:
47-55
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GENDER-CASTE NEXUS IN WORK AND EMPOWERMENT: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Author: Kumari Monika & Niranjna Bhandari

ABSTRACT
The interplay of gender and caste significantly shapes patterns of work participation and empowerment among Scheduled Caste women. The paper explores the interrelationship between caste and gender, along with regional disparities and structural barriers that restrict the economic progress and work participation of scheduled caste women. It examines how deep-rooted societal hierarchies
and unequal power dynamics still restrict their access to decision-making, productive resources, participation in economic activities and employment. Descriptive statistical tools were employed to calculate work participation rates, gender-based disparities, and district-wise variations. Tables, percentages, and comparative analysis were used to interpret the data effectively. Using the intersectionality paradigm as a guide, the paper describes how caste and gender work together to produce a variety of layered kinds of economic difficulty. The paper concludes that district-level gender disparities are deeply shaped by regional inequalities and caste-based patriarchal structures. It
further emphasizes that higher female participation in certain tribal areas often stems from economic necessity rather than genuine empowerment. It further argues that acknowledging and strengthening the economic role of SC women in Himachal Pradesh is essential for overall development. The findings are intended to inform policymakers who genuinely address the unique challenges of SC women, enabling them to assert economic agency and contribute meaningfully to local, regional and national economies.

Keywords: Caste Discrimination, Empowerment, Gender-Caste Nexus, SC Women, Social Exclusion, Sociology

Paper Title:
SYNTHETIC THREATS: HOW AI AND DEEPFAKES UNDERMINE THE 2024 US ELECTORAL PROCESS
Author Name:
Shubham Bhatia & Vikram Kaushik
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18709081
Page No.:
56-66
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SYNTHETIC THREATS: HOW AI AND DEEPFAKES UNDERMINE THE 2024 US ELECTORAL PROCESS
Author: Shubham Bhatia & Vikram Kaushik

ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly changed the political discourse where deepfakes are used as an emerging tool for misinformation. The synthetic media technology used in the U.S. Presidential Election 2024, disrupt democratic processes and AI-generated fabricate videos of prominent political candidates presented in compromising scenarios. The study aims to quantify the extent to which synthetic media undermines the foundational principles of free and fair elections by analyzing various
cases in the U.S. Presidential Election. The study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of deepfake instances in a comprehensive dataset of 55 deepfake cases. The Deepfake Impact Scale and Chi-Square Test reveal that deepfakes, particularly hose with deceptive intent, significantly endanger voter behavior, trust, and electoral integrity. With 35 instances classified as high impact scoring 5 or above on a 0-9 scale the findings affirm that synthetic media can no longer be dismissed as a peripheral concern. From the Biden robocall‟s voter
suppression to the Harris hit-and-run‟s reputational assault, these cases demonstrate AI‟s power to manipulate perceptions and destabilize democratic foundations, a risk amplified by platforms like X, which hosted 63% of the dataset. The outcomes for the future are unknown when technology will collaborate with politics in the race to sway the voters, but one can always take a shot at risk assessment and devising a strategy to brace for impact.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes, Misinformation, Disinformation, US Elections,
Synthetic Media, Voter perception

Paper Title:
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND SPIRITUAL HUMANISM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM
Author Name:
Anagha Arun Padhye
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18738495
Page No.:
67-73
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ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND SPIRITUAL HUMANISM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM
Author: Anagha Arun Padhye

ABSTRACT:
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s philosophy represents a distinctive synthesis of ethical leadership and spiritual humanism, rooted in integrity, responsibility, and unwavering commitment to national development. Widely recognized as a scientist, statesman, and visionary thinker, he articulated a leadership model that transcended conventional administrative frameworks. Rather than viewing leadership as authority or positional power, he framed it as a moral responsibility anchored in character and service. This study adopts a conceptual and interpretative approach, drawing upon secondary sources including his
books, public speeches, and scholarly analyses. Through systematic thematic examination, it explores how Kalam consistently emphasized ethical conviction, accountability, and nation-first commitment as foundational pillars of effective leadership. The paper further highlights Kalam’s unique integration of scientific rationality with spiritual awareness, arguing that he rejected the false dichotomy between technological progress and moral responsibility. By asserting that innovation must serve humanity, he positioned ethics at the center of national advancement. His ideas are examined in comparison with contemporary leadership frameworks such as transformational and servant leadership, revealing both conceptual alignment and
distinctive spiritual depth. The study concludes that Kalam’s philosophy offers a practical and enduring framework for governance, management education, and nation-building, particularly in an era characterized by ethical crises and institutional distrust.

Keywords: Ethical Leadership, Spiritual Humanism, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Leadership, NationBuilding Philosophy

Paper Title:
LAND REVENUE SYSTEMS IN COLONIAL INDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON PEASANTS
Author Name:
Tanya Goyal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18753333
Page No.:
74-82
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LAND REVENUE SYSTEMS IN COLONIAL INDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON PEASANTS
Author: Tanya Goyal

ABSTRACT
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the land revenue systems introduced by the British and their impact on peasants. All the three systems, Zamindari, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari, were devised with the sole aim of maximizing the Company‟s revenue and they proved to be disastrous for the peasants. Cultivators lost their customary rights and got converted into landless laborers. The rise of absentee landlords, money lenders, etc. led to the sub-feudalization of the Indian economy. The land became a commodity for the first time in the history of India. Payment of taxes in cash led to the commercialization of agriculture and the production of food grains declined thus causing frequent famines. Moreover, no investment was made in the agriculture sector.

Paper Title:
कृषि उत्पादन में वृद्धि का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
Author Name:
कल्याणी & संगीता मैहूरिया
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18810938
Page No.:
83-89
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कृषि उत्पादन में वृद्धि का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
Author: कल्याणी & संगीता मैहूरिया

कृषि समस्त उद्योगो की जननी है मानव जीवन की पोषक प्रगति का सूचक तथा समानता की प्रतीक समझी जाती है तीव्र आर्थिक विकास की ओर अग्रसर विश्व के समस्त विकसित एंव विकासशील देश अपने उपलब्घ संसाधनांे का अपनी परिस्थितियो एंव क्षमताओं के अनु़़रूप यथा संभव अनुकूलतम उपयोग कर कृषि विकास हेतु अग्रसर है भारत कृषि प्रधान अर्थव्यवस्था वाला देश होने के कारण कृषि राष्टीय आय का प्रमुख स्त्रोत है जीविको पार्जन का साधन है एवं औद्योगिक विकास वाणिज्य एंव व्यापार का आधार है कृषि भारतीय अर्थव्यवसथा की री़ढ़ है महात्मा गाधी ने कहा था भारत का विकास करना है तो कृषि व गॉवांे का विकास करना होगा।

भारत एक जनाधिक्य वाला देश है एव लगभग 70ः जनसख्या कृषि पर आधरित है अतः भारत के समग्र विकास के लिए आवश्यक है कि कृषि विकास पर समुचित ध्यान दिया जाये। स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात् पंचवर्षीय योजनाओं के माध्यम से योजनाबद्ध विकास किया गया हरित क्रांति के माध्यम वैज्ञानिक कृषि बहुफसलीय र्कायक्रम उन्नत बीजो का प्रयोग सिंचाई के साधनो का विस्तार कीटनाशकों का प्रयोग एवं कृषि हेतु किसानो को पर्याप्त संसाधन उपलब्ध कराकर कृषि को मजबूती प्रदान किया गया है फसल बीमा योजना का लाभ किसानों की मुहैया कराया गया एवं ग्रामीण क्षेत्रो मे कृषि आधारित लघु व मध्यम आकार के उद्योग का विस्तार किया गया स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात् अनेकों योजनाओ के माध्यम से कृषि विकास का कार्य किया गया भारत जैसे विशाल जनाधिक्य वाले देश मे खाद्यान्न की पूर्ति के लिए कृषि क्षेत्र का समृद्ध होना आवश्यक है।

Paper Title:
MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG THE DIMASA KACHARI PEOPLE OF LANGTING AREA OF DIMA HASAO DISTRICT, ASSAM
Author Name:
Hridayananda Das & Ribina Thaosen
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18898552
Page No.:
90-96
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MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG THE DIMASA KACHARI PEOPLE OF LANGTING AREA OF DIMA HASAO DISTRICT, ASSAM
Author: Hridayananda Das & Ribina Thaosen

ABSTRACT
Mortality in North east India is marked by a declining graph but it has still high neonatal mortality rate (21 per 1000) live births). So far as Infant mortality in North Eastern states is concern significant spatial disparities exist and states such as Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura acting as a hotspot in infant deaths. The neonatal mortality rate in the North Eastern states declined from 45 to 21 per 1000 births (NFHS-1 to NFHS 5) but remains higher than the national average. Assam reported the highest mortality (42.16%) while Sikkim has the lowest (0.87%). Higher mortality was observed among male infants, mothers with advanced age, low maternal education and mothers who attended less than 5 antenatal care (ANC) visit. High infant mortality in the region indicates the existence of adverse socioeconomic and environmental condition during birth. Government of Assam has launched several health and welfare related schemes to reduce mortality rate in Assam. Some of them are Janani Suraksha Yojana (JYJ), Mamoni and Mamata which were launched in 2005, 2009 and 2010. These schemes can be termed partiality successful because the people of Assam from remote area avoidinstitutional delivery and prefer local midwives. The study was carried out among the population of Langting area and 112 households were interviewed for the collection of data on mortality and morbidity patterns. Dima Hasao district, earlier called North Cachar Hills district, is an administrative district in the state of Assam, India. As of 2011, it is the least populous district of Assam. Dima Hasao district is one of the two Autonomous hill districts of the state Assam. This paper focuses on the pattern of mortality and morbidity among the population of Dimasa Kachari of Langting area of Dima Hasao district of Assam.

Keywords: Mortality, Morbidity, Health, Disease

Paper Title:
AN ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION OF AGRICULTURAL LABORERS IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Sreenivasaiah .K.N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049074
Page No.:
97-103
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AN ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION OF AGRICULTURAL LABORERS IN KARNATAKA
Author: Sreenivasaiah .K.N

ABSTRACT:
Migration is a major option for agricultural labours for their well-being in urban areas.
Majority of the agricultural labourers migrate from rural areas for the purpose of business, employment, education etc. The force which motivates the labourers to migrate to urban areas has been the economic suffering they face in their native places due to unemployment, low wages at the origin, poverty, agricultural failure, large family size, underemployment, and natural disasters. The study shows that the reasons for migration of agricultural labour in Karnataka have been poverty related ones. The study also talked about the effects of agricultural labour migration in Karnataka. The migration of agricultural labour results in serious problems as the sector is unorganized, faces exploitation and malpractices. The paper is depended on secondary sources of information gathered from different publications.

Keywords: Migration, Agricultural Labour, Resources, Employment, Poverty, Karnataka.

Paper Title:
THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: REDEFINING WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY THROUGH MENSTRUAL LEAVE IN INDIA
Author Name:
Deepa S V, Savitha B C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049637
Page No.:
104-109
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THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: REDEFINING WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY THROUGH MENSTRUAL LEAVE IN INDIA
Author: Deepa S V, Savitha B C

ABSTRACT:
Menstrual health has increasingly become an important concern in discussions on gender equality and workplace inclusivity. Country like India, where a significant proportion of the workforce consists of women, lack of institutional recognition of menstrual health often affects productivity, well-being, and workplace participation. The concept of menstrual leave has emerged as a progressive policy initiative aimed at acknowledging the physical and psychological challenges experienced by menstruating employees. This paper examines the idea of menstrual leave as a tool for redefining workplace efficiency and promoting a more inclusive work culture in India. The study explores the relationship between menstrual health, employee well-being, and productivity by analysing existing workplace policies, emerging debates, and global practices related to menstrual leave. It argues that recognizing menstrual health needs can contribute to improved employee satisfaction, reduced absenteeism, and enhanced long-term productivity. At the same time, the paper critically evaluates concerns that menstrual leave policies may reinforce gender stereotypes or lead to discrimination in hiring and promotion practices. Using a sociological perspective, the paper situates menstrual leave within broader discussions of gender justice, labour rights, and workplace equity. It highlights how supportive workplace policies can challenge menstrual stigma and foster a culture of empathy and inclusivity. The study concludes that menstrual leave, when implemented effectively and accompanied by awareness and supportive organizational practices, has the potential to redefine workplace efficiency by prioritizing employee health and dignity. Such policies can contribute not only to gender-sensitive workplaces but also to sustainable organizational productivity in contemporary India.

Key words: Efficiency, gender justice, workplace inclusivity, menstrual health and
wellbeing etc.

Paper Title:
THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: REDEFINING WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY THROUGH MENSTRUAL LEAVE IN INDIA
Author Name:
Deepa S V, Savitha B C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049637
Page No.:
104-109
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THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: REDEFINING WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY THROUGH MENSTRUAL LEAVE IN INDIA
Author: Deepa S V, Savitha B C

ABSTRACT:
Menstrual health has increasingly become an important concern in discussions on gender equality and workplace inclusivity. Country like India, where a significant proportion of the workforce consists of women, lack of institutional recognition of menstrual health often affects productivity, well-being, and workplace participation. The concept of menstrual leave has emerged as a progressive policy initiative aimed at acknowledging the physical and psychological challenges experienced by menstruating employees. This paper examines the idea of menstrual leave as a tool for redefining workplace efficiency and promoting a more inclusive work culture in India. The study explores the relationship between menstrual health, employee well-being, and productivity by analysing existing workplace policies, emerging debates, and global practices related to menstrual leave. It argues that recognizing menstrual health needs can contribute to improved employee satisfaction, reduced absenteeism, and enhanced long-term productivity. At the same time, the paper critically evaluates concerns that menstrual leave policies may reinforce gender stereotypes or lead to discrimination in hiring and promotion practices. Using a sociological perspective, the paper situates menstrual leave within broader discussions of gender justice, labour rights, and workplace equity. It highlights how supportive workplace policies can challenge menstrual stigma and foster a culture of empathy and inclusivity. The study concludes that menstrual leave, when implemented effectively and accompanied by awareness and supportive organizational practices, has the potential to redefine workplace efficiency by prioritizing employee health and dignity. Such policies can contribute not only to gender-sensitive workplaces but also to sustainable organizational productivity in contemporary India.

Key words: Efficiency, gender justice, workplace inclusivity, menstrual health and
wellbeing etc.

Paper Title:
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FORMATION: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN RURAL INDIA
Author Name:
RAVIKUMAR K
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049848
Page No.:
110-119
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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FORMATION: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN RURAL INDIA
Author: RAVIKUMAR K

ABSTRACT
Women’s empowerment has become a central concern in contemporary development discourse, particularly in developing countries where gender disparities remain deeply rooted in social and economic structures. In India, rural women often face multiple forms of marginalization such as limited access to education, financial resources, and participation in decision-making processes. Over the past three decades, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as a grassroots institutional mechanism that promotes women’s economic participation, collective solidarity, and social empowerment. This study examines the role of Self-Help Groups in facilitating women’s empowerment through the formation of social capital in rural India. The concept of social capital, which refers to networks, trust, cooperation, and shared norms within a community, provides a useful sociological framework to understand the transformative impact of SHGs. Through regular meetings, savings activities, and collective decision-making, SHGs enable rural women to build strong social networks and mutual trust. These networks help women access credit facilities, share information, and collectively address socio-economic challenges. Drawing on secondary data from government reports, academic journals, and development agency publications, this study analyzes the relationship between women’s empowerment and social capital formation within SHGs. Recent statistics indicate that more than 90 million women are currently associated with SHGs under the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), demonstrating the significant expansion of this movement in India. Participation in SHGs has contributed to increased financial inclusion, enhanced leadership capacities, and improved social participation among rural women. However, challenges such as unequal access to resources, limited institutional support, and socio-cultural barriers continue to affect the effectiveness of SHGs in certain regions. The study concludes that Self-Help Groups are not merely financial institutions but also important social platforms that strengthen community networks and promote gender equality. Strengthening these grassroots institutions through supportive policies and capacity-building initiatives can further enhance women’s empowerment and contribute to sustainable rural development.

Keywords: Women’s Empowerment, Social Capital, Self-Help Groups, Rural Development, Gender Equality.

Paper Title:
SOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF INFANT MORTALITY IN INDIA: A DETAILED EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURAL INEQUALITIES, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, AND HEALTHCARE RESILIENCE
Author Name:
Deepa S V
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049981
Page No.:
120-126
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SOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF INFANT MORTALITY IN INDIA: A DETAILED EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURAL INEQUALITIES, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, AND HEALTHCARE RESILIENCE
Author: Deepa S V

ABSTRACT
The infant mortality rate (IMR) serves as a crucial sociological measure reflecting a nation’s health, equity, and developmental progress rather than merely a clinical statistic. This research article investigates the complex sociological effects of IMR within India, tracing its historical evolution from the mid-20th century to the projected figures for 2025. By integrating data from the Sample Registration System and five cycles of the National Family Health Survey, this study highlights the enduring "mortality divide" marked by caste, class, and gender inequalities. It employs frameworks such as structural functionalism, social conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism to analyse the "death trap" phenomenon—where infant loss perpetuates high fertility rates and reduced birth intervals. Additionally, it assesses the psychosocial repercussions of infant death on familial units, maternal mental health considerations, and the effectiveness of digital health initiatives like the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. The findings indicate that while overall national improvements have been notable, sustainable healthcare advancements necessitate tackling entrenched social vulnerabilities and ensuring quality care reaches even the most marginalized.

Keywords: Infant Mortality Rate, Social Stratification, Replacement Effect, Healthcare
Sustainability, Public Health Policy, India.

Paper Title:
UNSTOPPABLE TOGETHER: THE STRENGTH OF FEMALE MENTORSHIP
Author Name:
Gopikashree S & Deepa S V
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19128862
Page No.:
127-135
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UNSTOPPABLE TOGETHER: THE STRENGTH OF FEMALE MENTORSHIP
Author: Gopikashree S & Deepa S V

ABSTRACT
Female mentorship serves as a cornerstone for professional development and psychological resilience in increasingly competitive global markets. This article explores the multifaceted dynamics of "Unstoppable Together," a concept highlighting the synergistic power of women supporting women. Mentorship transcends mere professional guidance; it acts as a critical intervention against systemic barriers such as the "glass ceiling" and "imposter syndrome." Through a sociopsychological lens, this study examines how developmental relationships foster self-efficacy and career satisfaction. The review of literature synthesizes diverse perspectives on gender-specific
mentoring, emphasizing that female mentors provide unique emotional support and role modeling that gender-neutral or male-dominated structures often lack. The findings suggest that female mentorship not only accelerates individual career trajectories but also fosters inclusive organizational cultures. By dismantling hierarchical isolation, these relationships create a ripple effect of empowerment. This article concludes that investing in formal and informal female mentorship programs is not merely a diversity initiative but a strategic necessity for sustainable leadership.

Keywords: Female Mentorship, Empowerment, Socio-psychological Resilience, Career
Development, Gender Equity, Transformational Leadership.

Paper Title:
EMPOWERMENT AND CHALLENGES OF TRIBES IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Gururaju K
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19129230
Page No.:
136-140
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EMPOWERMENT AND CHALLENGES OF TRIBES IN KARNATAKA
Author: Gururaju K

ABSTRACT
Karnataka is a state of diverse culture, languages, faith and the socio-economic scenario within the state, in many ways, mirrors the scenario prevalent in the country itself. Tribal population constitutes around 8.6 percent of the total population of India. These communities are varied from their belief, customs, traditional and religious practices. The south Indian State of Karnataka, once part of several kingdoms and princely states of repute in the Deccan peninsula, is rich in its historic, cultural and
anthropological heritage. The State is the home to 42,48,987 tribal people, of whom 50,870 belong to the primitive group. Although these people represent only 6.95 per cent of the population of the State, there are as many as 50 different tribes notified by the Government of India, living in Karnataka, of which 14 tribes including two primitive ones, are primarily natives of this State. Extreme poverty and neglect over generations have left them in poor state of health and nutrition is their major problem. Unfortunately, despite efforts from the Government and non-Governmental organizations alike,
literature that is available to assess the state of health of these tribes of the region remains scanty. Tribal population is the aboriginal inhabitants of India who have been living a life based on the natural environment and have cultural patterns congenial to their physical and social environment. The Concerted efforts for the development of these groups by the Central and State Governments have had only marginal impacts on their socio-economic conditions in spite of the various welfare measures and
constitutional protection. The main objective of this research is to find out the socio-economic status of tribes and their problems in Karnataka.

Keywords: Socio-economic status, Problems, Tribes, Karnataka.

Paper Title:
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP ON HIGHER EDUCATION AMONG SCHEDULED CASTE STUDENTS IN PUNJAB
Author Name:
Kamaljit Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19143574
Page No.:
141-150
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EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP ON HIGHER EDUCATION AMONG SCHEDULED CASTE STUDENTS IN PUNJAB
Author: Kamaljit Singh

ABSTRACT
Education plays an important role in promoting social equality and improving the socio-economic conditions of marginalized communities. In India, Scheduled Caste (SC) students often face financial barriers to higher education. The Post Matric Scholarship (PMS) scheme was introduced by the Government of India to provide financial assistance to SC students pursuing studies beyond matriculation. This study examines the awareness, accessibility, and impact of the PMS scheme among SC students
in Punjab. Primary data were collected from 97 respondents through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage methods. The findings show that most students are aware of the scheme and have benefited from it. The scholarship helps reduce financial burden and supports educational expenses such as tuition fees and study materials. However, students also reported challenges such as delays in scholarship disbursement, application difficulties, and technical issues with the online portal. Overall, the study concludes that the PMS scheme plays a significant role in supporting higher education for SC students, though improvements in implementation and timely fund distribution are needed.

Key words: PMS Scheme, Scheduled Caste Students, Higher Education, Financial Support, Punjab.

Paper Title:
EVOLUTION OF IDEOLOGY IN THE MARGINAL COMMUNITIES: NAMASUDRA-MATUA
Author Name:
Toton Biswas
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284453
Page No.:
151-161
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EVOLUTION OF IDEOLOGY IN THE MARGINAL COMMUNITIES: NAMASUDRA-MATUA
Author: Toton Biswas

ABSTRACT:
The Namasudras are one of the Scheduled Castes of India; they are primarily inhabitants of Greater Bengal. In the context of Partition, due to the division of Bengal, they became divided. Through the ideology propagated by Harichand Thakur and the leadership of Guruchand Thakur, they emerged as the Matua community. Now the questions are- has any ideological evolution actually taken place among this marginalized population? However, it is not beyond question whether all Namasudras are Matua? or whether all Matuas are Namasudra? Just as society and culture are deeply interconnected, similarly, Namasudras and Matuas have often coexisted in terms of social position. Not only Namasudras, but over time people from various castes and communities have embraced the Matua faith. In the context of time and place, the Matua religion has, in a sense, evolved into a religion of universal humanity; and the Namasudra society has also undergone transformation.

Keywords: Namasudra, Matua, Society, Caste, Religion, Marginal

Paper Title:
SURROGACY
Author Name:
Divya Mittal & Divya Khurana
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19344461
Page No.:
162-168
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SURROGACY
Author: Divya Mittal & Divya Khurana

ABSTRACT
Nature has endowed women with the extraordinary power to reproduce on a daily basis, and every mother cherishes her parenting experience. Unfortunately, due to physiological reasons, a few ladies will be unable to have their own children. Surrogacy seemed to be the best choice for them to become parents. The gestational carrier is the surrogate mother, and surrogacy is a contract between a woman and a couple or an individual to carry and deliver a kid. Despite the numerous laws enacted to protect
surrogate mother interests, the reality is that the efforts made thus far to ensure surrogate mother protection have been few curative drops in the ocean of surrogate mother misery, and the vast majority of people are unaware that they have been protected as surrogate mothers by a plethora of laws. In this context, it's important to grasp current surrogacy practices and rules, if any, as well as the plethora of
challenges that come with the practice, such as social, legal, medical, and psychological problems. Surrogates can only be in charge if they use their legal rights to do so. The goal of this study is to comprehend the legal difficulties surrounding surrogacy in modern India, while also taking into account surrogates' current conditions and reality. India now has a new surrogate protection system, according to the enactment of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021. The new law strengthens surrogate protection and expands the number of options available, but it is not without flaws. In terms of public perception, surrogacy is still in its early stages. To overcome the
multiple obstacles, comprehensive legislation on the issue requires the legislature's active engagement. The goal of this research project is to address legal concerns surrounding surrogacy, give information about surrogate rights, and provide ideas for bolstering surrogate rights by adopting new solutions to current problems. As a consequence, we have a better understanding of surrogacy protection in India
and can evaluate the new legislation objectively. The goals of this research article are to show judicial tendencies that favour surrogate protection, the growth of legislation in India, and, finally, some recommendations for raising knowledge about surrogate protection laws.

Keywords: Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, Surrogacy Protection, Awareness, Rights of Surrogates

Paper Title:
SOCIAL CHANGE AND LEGAL REFORM IN INDIA
Author Name:
Nagendrakumar .P
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19367623
Page No.:
169-177
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SOCIAL CHANGE AND LEGAL REFORM IN INDIA
Author: Nagendrakumar .P

ABSTRACT
The relationship between law and society in India has been shaped by historical events throughout the transition from colonial rule to nationalism. Throughout this passage, the frameworks of both the social and legal systems have changed. This process shows a clear mark of historicity; however, considering our observations of analogous interactions between law and society in the industrially developed western nations, a certain degree of shared experiences on a universal level is undeniable. Currently, the legal and social change processes in India, although largely distinct, exhibit certain
similarities with industrially developed countries concerning the dilemmas and contradictions within the frameworks of law and society.

Keywords: Hindu Law, Indian Constitution, Special Law, Social Welfare, Social Legislation,
Equality to all, Social Policy, Law

Paper Title:
THE INTERGENERATIONAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN ASCRIBED CASTE AND OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN MODERN INDIA
Author Name:
Dibangon Pandit
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19395259
Page No.:
178-181
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THE INTERGENERATIONAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN ASCRIBED CASTE AND OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN MODERN INDIA
Author: Dibangon Pandit

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the dynamics of Intergenerational occupational mobility among Indian males, utilizing secondary data to analyse movements within the social hierarchy. By categorizing occupations through skill levels and social status, the study explores the indicators of income distribution, educational achievement, and the persistent influence of caste. The findings suggest that while educational attainment has increased, occupational "ascents" remain fragile, particularly for marginalized groups, as ascribed status continues to outweigh achieved status in many sectors.

Paper Title:
SCHEDULED CASTES LEADERSHIP IN PANCHAYATS: A STUDY OF SUB- DIVISION MOONAK, PUNJAB
Author Name:
Gagandeep
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19398957
Page No.:
82-192
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SCHEDULED CASTES LEADERSHIP IN PANCHAYATS: A STUDY OF SUB- DIVISION MOONAK, PUNJAB
Author: Gagandeep

ABSTRACT:
Leadership makes things to happen in reality. A leader is a person who bring together everyone by keeping in mind their thoughts, expectations and demands. In this paper, efforts have been made to analyse the leadership qualities in Scheduled Castes representatives in Panchayats in villages falling under Andana at Moonak Block in Sub-Division Moonak, Punjab. The research work includes overall performance of the persons belonging to these castes in Panchayats as a representative of their community. In present research, it has been found that Scheduled Castes leaders are able to present
themselves as a good representative in Panchayats and during the matters of atrocities on their community, mostly of them are able to resolve these matters whenever the situation prevailed at the village level. Besides of this, it can be said that the educational programs should be initiated by the government to eradicate illiteracy among these castes because only an educated leader can lead society in a good way.

Keywords: Scheduled Castes, Leadership, Panchayats, Leadership Styles etc.

Paper Title:
AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL RESERVATION IN PANCHAYATS ESPECIALLY TO SCHEDULED CASTES IN SUB-DIVISION MOONAK, PUNJAB
Author Name:
Gagandeep
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19399409
Page No.:
193-201
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AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL RESERVATION IN PANCHAYATS ESPECIALLY TO SCHEDULED CASTES IN SUB-DIVISION MOONAK, PUNJAB
Author: Gagandeep

ABSTRACT:
Reservation as an affirmative action, from its implementation has resulted in changing the socialeconomic status of weaker sections, especially Scheduled Castes in a well manner. The political participation of these sections has increased as an outcome of seats reserved for them. In this paper, efforts has been made to analyse the present scenario of political reservation provided to the Scheduled Castes in Panchayats, specially concerned with the Punjab Panchayati Raj Act, 1994. On the basis of findings of present study, it can be said that reservation has been proved a boon for the
scheduled castes. As a result of reservation provided to them, they do participate in Panchayats. It is also observed that they are able to become a member of Panchayats mainly because of seats reserved for them in these institutions. Initiatives by the Government, NGO’s are necessary to make proper participation of these castes in local level politics.

Keywords: Scheduled Castes, Reservation, Panchayats, Dalits etc.

Paper Title:
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ENGAGEMENT INSEX WORK IN INDIA: A LEGAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Shiffali
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19399978
Page No.:
202-209
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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ENGAGEMENT INSEX WORK IN INDIA: A LEGAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Author: Shiffali

ABSTRACT
Sex work in India is embedded in a richly layered and debatable context, which is informed by the coexistence of legal provisions, socio-economic conditions of vulnerability, and the overarching structural inequalities. While the policy context is not informed by a singular policy perspective, the legal provisions are embedded in a complex array of prohibition, regulation, and selective interventions that co-exist in tension with each other. This article aims to discuss the factors that lead to the involvement of individuals in sex work through the lens of the legal and structural context. This
includes the involvement of poverty, gender dynamics, caste-based marginalization, migration
patterns, the absence of access to education, and the impact of trafficking networks. Additionally, the article aims to discuss the legislative and adjudicatory interventions that attempt to regulate, protect, and at times marginalize the involved individuals. This paper is informed by the doctrinal and analytical research methodology, which relies on the legislative provisions, case law, and literature. This paper argues that the overarching structural inequalities, in conjunction with the inconsistent and fragmented legislative provisions, continue to perpetuate the conditions of vulnerability.

Keywords: Sex work, prostitution, India, Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, structural inequality, legal framework, trafficking, Access to justice; India, Human rights, commercial sexual exploitation, socio-economic vulnerability, gender inequality, caste discrimination, public policy.

Paper Title:
STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE OF SMALL BUSINESSES AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS OF PROPRIETORS IN AHILYANAGAR
Author Name:
Mehernosh B. Mehta
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19435476
Page No.:
210-213
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STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE OF SMALL BUSINESSES AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS OF PROPRIETORS IN AHILYANAGAR
Author: Mehernosh B. Mehta

ABSTRACT
An organization is basically a formal structure of individuals established to achieve pre-determined goals and objectives. These individuals are organized into different groups for fulfillment of common purpose. The business unit or enterprise or firm uses the available diverse resources. Business Organisation is an open system as it influences and is also influence by its environment continuously. It is an adaptive open system. It receives inputs from the society in the form of raw materials, labour, capital and information. These resources are combined and transformed by management of the
business organisation into desirable outputs of goods and services required by consumers. Research
aimed to study the relationship between structure of small businesses and managerial skills of
proprietors in Ahilyanagar taluka. Descriptive research design was used. Primary data was collected from the proprietors of small businesses through conducting field survey by administrating the structured questionnaire. Proprietors who owned and controlled the small businesses and were actively involved in routine management and day-to-day administration of small businesses were considered. Convenience sampling method was used to draw the required sample.

Keywords: Structure, Small Businesses, Managerial Skills, Proprietors, Ahilyanagar

Paper Title:
JAMES JOHNSTONE’S ACCOUNT OF CAPTAIN WELSH’S EXPEDITION AND THE POLITICAL CONDITION OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ASSAM
Author Name:
Imdad Ali Ahmed
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19435622
Page No.:
214-218
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JAMES JOHNSTONE’S ACCOUNT OF CAPTAIN WELSH’S EXPEDITION AND THE POLITICAL CONDITION OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ASSAM
Author: Imdad Ali Ahmed

ABSTRACT
This paper critically examines James Johnstone’s account “Captain Welsh’s Expedition to Assam in 1792, 1793 and 1794” and evaluates its importance for reconstructing the political and socioeconomic history of late eighteenth-century Assam. The study aims to analyze Johnstone’s narrative as a colonial historical source, focusing on the Moamoria rebellion, the decline of the Ahom polity, and the nature of early British intervention. The methodology is based on qualitative textual analysis of
Johnstone’s work, supplemented by contemporary official correspondence and supported by modern historiography. A comparative approach is used to identify discrepancies between colonial narratives and later scholarly interpretations. The findings indicate that Johnstone’s account provides valuable empirical details on administrative structures, military developments, and regional instability. However, it is shaped by colonial biases that portray British intervention as necessary and indigenous
rulers as inefficient. His narrative underrepresents socio-economic causes of rebellion and overlooks indigenous agency. The study concludes that while Johnstone’s work is indispensable as a primary source, it must be critically evaluated within its colonial context. Its significance lies in contributing both factual data and insight into colonial knowledge production, thereby enriching the historiography of Assam and early British expansion in Northeast India.

Keywords: Assam history, Captain Welsh, James Johnstone, Moamoria rebellion, Ahom kingdom, colonial historiography

Paper Title:
TRANSFORMING PARA SPORTS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT
Author Name:
Shubhamoy Barman
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19435948
Page No.:
219-224
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TRANSFORMING PARA SPORTS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT
Author: Shubhamoy Barman

ABSTRACT
In recent years, Para sports have experienced significant growth, largely due to the advancement of modern technology. This paper examines how technological developments have contributed to improvements in training methods, competitive performance, and overall athlete development. It focuses on the role of assistive technologies, data-driven analysis, biomechanics, and virtual reality in supporting athletes within the Paralympic movement. In addition, the study considers the ethical
concerns and practical challenges linked to the use of such technologies, including issues of fairness, accessibility, and cost. It also explores how these innovations may shape the future direction of Para sports. By analyzing the connection between technology and athletic performance, this paper highlights the importance of creating inclusive sporting environments and emphasizes the broader social value of making sports more accessible to individuals with disabilities.

Keywords: Para sports, assistive technology, Paralympics, sports innovation, accessibility

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REVITALIZING YOGA, AYURVEDA, AND INDIGENOUS WELLNESS KNOWLEDGE FOR YOUTH TOURISM EDUCATION IN INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Author Name:
Swati Chandrakant Takkar, Rajesh Kumawat & Shripad Joshi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19449487
Page No.:
225-231
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A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REVITALIZING YOGA, AYURVEDA, AND INDIGENOUS WELLNESS KNOWLEDGE FOR YOUTH TOURISM EDUCATION IN INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Author: Swati Chandrakant Takkar, Rajesh Kumawat & Shripad Joshi

ABSTRACT:
India holds a globally recognized wellness heritage through Yoga, Ayurveda, and diverse Indigenous wellness knowledge systems rooted in local ecologies, food cultures, preventive care, and community practices. However, youth engagement with these knowledge forms within tourism education in Indian universities remains uneven due to curriculum gaps, limited digital pedagogy, concerns about scientific validation, language barriers, and weak industry–academia linkages. Simultaneously, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming education, tourism experiences, and cultural heritage
dissemination through personalized learning, content generation, recommendation systems, virtual simulations, and multilingual translation. This research paper examines how AI can be strategically used to revitalize, document, authenticate, and teach Yoga, Ayurveda, and Indigenous wellness knowledge as part of youth tourism education in Indian universities, enabling employability, entrepreneurship, and ethical wellness tourism development. The study proposes an AI-enabled framework that connects heritage knowledge holders, universities, students, and tourism stakeholders through curated knowledge repositories, adaptive learning modules, virtual immersion labs, and responsible AI governance mechanisms. Using a descriptive–analytical approach (mixed methods), the paper outlines measurable constructs including AI readiness, perceived authenticity, learning engagement, cultural pride, skill development, and tourism intention. The study is expected to contribute to curriculum innovation, digital preservation, responsible wellness tourism promotion, and youth-centric experiential learning.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Yoga, Ayurveda, Indigenous Knowledge.
INTRODUCTION

Paper Title:
GREENING THE GOLDEN LAND: POTENTIAL AND ISSUES IN CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOURISM
Author Name:
Ramanpreet Kaur & Sanya Dawer
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19465970
Page No.:
232-239
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GREENING THE GOLDEN LAND: POTENTIAL AND ISSUES IN CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOURISM
Author: Ramanpreet Kaur & Sanya Dawer

ABSTRACT:
Eco-tourism is a journey that weaves together adventure, education, and conservation, inviting travelers to experience the majestic beauty of nature while promoting sustainable practices and community engagement. Punjab, renowned for its rich cultural heritage, is also a treasure trove of natural wonders, boasting a diverse array of flora and fauna. Eco-tourism in Punjab offers a unique opportunity to explore and conserve its breathtaking forests, wetlands, bird sanctuaries, and zoological
parks. Visitors can embark on an exhilarating Lion Safari at Chhatbir Zoo near Chandigarh or marvel at the majestic migratory birds at Hari Ke Pattan in Amritsar, showcasing the state's lesser-known yet captivating natural beauty. By promoting eco-tourism, Punjab aims to foster a deeper appreciation forits natural treasures and inspire conservation efforts,making it really great for people who love nature and for people who are looking for adventure. It is perfect, for nature enthusiasts and adventure
seekers.

Objectives: The main objective of the paper is to explore the eco-tourism potential in state and to highlight the various opportunities and challenges in developing eco-tourism in Punjab.

Methodology: The research is descriptive in nature. The data for the purpose is based on secondary sources like policy documents, journals, books, newspaper and internet.

Finding: The State really has a lot of potential to become a place, for people who love nature and the environment. Taking into consideration the enormity of eco-tourism and its tremendous resources, there is massive opportunity of eco-tourism development in Punjab. Diversification of tourism activities and the participation of local people is needed at all the stages of development of ecotourism.

Keywords: Eco tourism destination, flora and fauna, natural habitat, sanctuaries, zoological park, exotic, myriad culture, enormity, tremendous resources.

Paper Title:
FROM IPC, CRPC AND EVIDENCE ACT TO BNS, BNSS AND BSA: EVALUATING THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Author Name:
Sanjeev Kumar Chadha
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19482066
Page No.:
240-251
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FROM IPC, CRPC AND EVIDENCE ACT TO BNS, BNSS AND BSA: EVALUATING THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Author: Sanjeev Kumar Chadha

ABSTRACT
To date, the justification of the Indian criminal justice system most thoroughly since the codification of 18601872 under British rule, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshaya Adhiniyam (BSA) were enacted in 2023. The critical part of this paper is critical covering whether such new statutes provide substantive transformation or are mere revisions of Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and Indian Evidence Act in new forms. The research explores reforms in the substantive offences, procedures and the standard of
evidence through study of the doctrines. The BNS restructures criminal crimes, adds new types to it, including terrorism, organised crime, and mob lynching, and eliminates clauses that are nullified by the Supreme Court. The BNSS introduces digital innovations such as e-FIRs, virtual trials, electronic summons, and requires forensic investigation on serious crimes, and at the same time increases police custody, faces default bail, as well as changes police arrest-search-seizure authority. The BSA also regulates the contemporary standard of evidence by the explicit identification of digital evidence,
metadata, hash values and the codification of leading cases against Anvar P.V. and Arjun Panditrao. Nevertheless, some fears are on unclear definition of offences, increased surveillance by states, lack of sufficient forensic facilities, and unequal technological capability. The paper asserts that despite the new codes revamping significant aspects of criminal law and procedure, much of the philosophy and
structure of criminal law still carries the spirit of colonialism showing continuity as opposed to being totally altered. The 2023 criminal justice reforms will depend on a combination of an effective implementation, constitutional protections, and institutional capacity-building in order to bring about a meaningful change in the criminal justice system.

Keywords: criminal law reform, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita(BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita(BNSS), Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), Procedural Justice, Digital Evidence, Constitutional Implications.

Paper Title:
ROLE OF STUDENT REVOLUTIONARIES IN THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT IN UTTAR PRADESH
Author Name:
Yaduvendra Singh, Preeti Devi, Kuldeep Singh, Surjeet Singh & Sanjay Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19496381
Page No.:
252-256
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ROLE OF STUDENT REVOLUTIONARIES IN THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT IN UTTAR PRADESH
Author: Yaduvendra Singh, Preeti Devi, Kuldeep Singh, Surjeet Singh & Sanjay Singh

ABSTRACT
The Non-Cooperation Movement (19201922) became a turning point in the history of the Indian freedom struggle as it turned into a mass movement with the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. Uttar Pradesh (then called United Provinces of Agra and Oudh) became a key hub of nationalist mobilization. Students were one of the most active and powerful social groups which took part in the movement. This paper looks at the role played by student revolutionaries in Uttar Pradesh during the Non-Cooperation Movement, especially their role in educational boycotts, political mobilization, and
spreading nationalist and revolutionary ideas. The paper contends that student activism not only enhanced the Gandhian non-cooperation, but also provided a way forward to revolutionary nationalism, particularly after the suspension of the movement in 1922. Basing on the secondary sources, the paper brings out the duality of students in terms of them being non-violent activists and a new breed of revolutionaries hence their importance in defining the course of the freedom struggle in India.

Keywords: Non-Cooperation Movement, Students, Uttar Pradesh, Revolutionary nationalism, Youth politics, freedom struggle.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PRICE FLUCTUATION OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCT – TOMATO WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE DISTRICT
Author Name:
T.M. Hemalatha & Ansif M
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19508866
Page No.:
257-261
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A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PRICE FLUCTUATION OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCT – TOMATO WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE DISTRICT
Author: T.M. Hemalatha & Ansif M

ABSTRACT:
Climate change has become a significant factor influencing agricultural production and market stability. This study examines the impact of climate change on the price fluctuation of tomatoes in Coimbatore district. Tomato, being a highly climate-sensitive crop, is affected by variations in temperature, rainfall, and extreme weather conditions. The study analyzes how these climatic changes influence tomato supply and, in turn, affect market prices. Both primary and secondary data have been used to understand seasonal price variations and supply patterns. The findings reveal that unfavorable
climatic conditions such as droughts and heavy rainfall reduce production, leading to higher prices, while favorable conditions increase supply and lower prices. The study concludes that climate change creates instability in tomato prices and highlights the need for effective agricultural practices and policy measures to ensure price stability and farmer sustainability.

Keywords: Climate Change, Tomato Prices, Price Fluctuation, Agricultural Supply, Coimbatore District, Weather Impact, Crop Production, Market Instability

Paper Title:
FROM FOUNDATION TO FALL: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (14TH–16TH CENTURY)
Author Name:
B. Prabhakar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19552893
Page No.:
262-270
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FROM FOUNDATION TO FALL: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (14TH–16TH CENTURY)
Author: B. Prabhakar

ABSTRACT
The establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century marked a decisive turning point in the history of South India, unifying diverse linguistic and cultural regions under a centralized political authority. Emerging in response to the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate, particularly under rulers like AlauddinKhilji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the empire played a crucial role in resisting northern incursions and preserving indigenous traditions. Founded by Harihara I and guided by Vidyaranya, Vijayanagara evolved into a powerful political, economic, and cultural center. Successive dynasties—
Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu—contributed to its expansion, administrative innovations, and cultural renaissance. The reign of Krishnadevaraya is often regarded as its golden age. However, internal conflicts and external pressures culminated in the catastrophic Battle of Talikota, leading to the empire’s gradual decline. This study examines the rise, development, and fall of the Vijayanagara Empire within a broader historical framework.

Keywords: Vijayanagara Empire, South Indian history, Talikota

Paper Title:
FROM FOUNDATION TO FALL: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (14TH–16TH CENTURY)
Author Name:
B. Prabhakar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19552893
Page No.:
262-270
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FROM FOUNDATION TO FALL: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (14TH–16TH CENTURY)
Author: B. Prabhakar

ABSTRACT
The establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century marked a decisive turning point in the history of South India, unifying diverse linguistic and cultural regions under a centralized political authority. Emerging in response to the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate, particularly under rulers like AlauddinKhilji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the empire played a crucial role in resisting northern incursions and preserving indigenous traditions. Founded by Harihara I and guided by Vidyaranya, Vijayanagara evolved into a powerful political, economic, and cultural center. Successive dynasties—
Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu—contributed to its expansion, administrative innovations, and cultural renaissance. The reign of Krishnadevaraya is often regarded as its golden age. However, internal conflicts and external pressures culminated in the catastrophic Battle of Talikota, leading to the empire’s gradual decline. This study examines the rise, development, and fall of the Vijayanagara Empire within a broader historical framework.

Keywords: Vijayanagara Empire, South Indian history, Talikota

Paper Title:
महिला शिक्षा के मार्ग में बाधक सामाजिक कारण
Author Name:
डाॅ. अनिल कुमार काठले & डाॅ. नवोदिता टोप्पो
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19553917
Page No.:
271-278
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महिला शिक्षा के मार्ग में बाधक सामाजिक कारण
Author: डाॅ. अनिल कुमार काठले & डाॅ. नवोदिता टोप्पो

सहस्त्राब्दि के प्रथम दशक का लक्ष्य ‘‘सभी के लिए शिक्षा की प्राप्ति तभी संभव होगी जब 6 से 14 वर्ष की बालिकाओं की शिक्षा अनिवार्यतः सुनिश्चित करायी जावें।
प्रकृति से संघर्ष करके जीवन मार्ग को प्रशस्त करने वाली नारी का मानव सभ्यता के विकास में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है। मनुस्मृति में कहा गया है कि1
‘‘यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यन्ते रमन्ते तत्र देवता।’’
सुव्यवस्थित परिवारिक व सामाजिक संरचना में सुशिक्षित परिश्रमी ममतामयी नारी का प्रभाव सर्वत्र देखा जा सकता है। राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर भी ख्याति प्राप्त महिलाओं के योगदान को भुलाया नही जा सकता। फिर भी महिलाओं के अच्छी मन स्थिति नहीं बना पाया। जो अत्यंत विचारणीय है। शैक्षिक इतिहास को देखने से इस बात की पुष्टि की जा सकती है। साहित्य में मूर्धन्य कवियों ने नारी के संबंध में कहा गया व्यक्तव्य भी समाज में नारी के लिए अच्छा संदेश नहीे पहुँचा है।

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF FAMILY AMONG THE HARIJANS OF GUWAHATI CITY, KAMRUP (METRO), ASSAM: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY
Author Name:
Nayanjyoti Goswami
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19640187
Page No.:
279-283
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THE ROLE OF FAMILY AMONG THE HARIJANS OF GUWAHATI CITY, KAMRUP (METRO), ASSAM: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY
Author: Nayanjyoti Goswami

ABSTRACT:
Family is the simplest and smallest social institution. Family is found in almost all societies of the world and will survive as long as human society exists in the world. Family with its social grouping carries out the different function assigned to them. It is through the family that values, tradition, customs are passed on from one generation to next. The family among the Harijan community maintains harmonious bonds among the members. In this bond love and affection are very important. In the same way emotional and social security are provided in the family. Marriage get social
recognition only from the family and the society where they lived. The parents of both the couple had to call their relatives or other member of the society in order to get sanction from the society. Marriage creates family and help in its future continuation. It is an important institution without which society cannot maintain its existence. Thus family plays an important role among the Harijan community and almost every decision were taken only on approval by the elders of a family. Breakdown of Joint
family is seen in their community but even then their family bonds remain stronger.

Keywords: Family, Harijan, role

Paper Title:
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON MID-DAY MEAL (PM-POSHAN) AND ITS IMPACT ON BODY MASS INDEX OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN INDIA
Author Name:
Prachi Singh & Surendra Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19691748
Page No.:
284-289
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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON MID-DAY MEAL (PM-POSHAN) AND ITS IMPACT ON BODY MASS INDEX OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN INDIA
Author: Prachi Singh & Surendra Singh

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between the lunch schedule and the body mass index of elementary school students. In order to enhance enrollment, attendance, retention, and academic performance, India implemented a nationwide program to provide midday meals to schoolaged children. Lunches that have previously been prepared are eaten by the majority of students from low-income homes. Women are more prone to have skipped meals or eaten nothing at all around midday, whereas
men are more likely to have continued eating. Less and fewer children eat lunch at noon as they get older. Boys are more prone than females to be underweight, which affects the majority of children. This study investigates the correlation between lunchtime and the body mass index of elementary school students. Following the implementation of a government initiative to provide free lunch to school-aged children during the school day, a greater number of children in India enrolled in school, attended regularly, and performed well academically. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the health effects of the lunchtime feeding program on pupils. For this purpose, both primary and secondary data are used using fundamental statistical techniques.

Keywords: Mid-day meal, Students, Under-weight, Over-weight, Nutrition etc.

Paper Title:
VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) MARKETING: ENHANCING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE
Author Name:
M. Eknath Prasath & Vikashini.S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19693386
Page No.:
290-292
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VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) MARKETING: ENHANCING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE
Author: M. Eknath Prasath & Vikashini.S

ABSTRACT
Virtual Reality (VR) marketing has emerged as a transformative strategy in the digital era, shifting consumer interaction from passive observation to immersive participation. This study investigates how VR technology enhances customer experience by providing realistic simulations of products and services. Utilizing a descriptive research design, data was collected from 150 respondents, primarily aged 18–25, to analyze perceptions of VR’s utility in marketing. The findings reveal that while foundational awareness of VR is high (70.5%), there remains a significant gap between technological potential and consumer perception, with many respondents associating VR with mechanical processes rather than emotional engagement. Despite these misconceptions, the study highlights the effectiveness of VR in sectors like tourism and real estate for providing virtual tours and 3D product visualizations. The research concludes that for VR to become a staple in modern marketing, businesses must focus on enhancing content interactivity and addressing user discomfort. Ultimately, VR offers a competitive advantage by creating memorable brand interactions that traditional media cannot replicate.

Keywords: Virtual Reality, Customer Experience, Immersive Marketing, Consumer Behaviour, Digital Transformation, 3D Visualization.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE PREPARATION ABOUT IMPACT OF THE INNOVATION SCHEMES IN START-UP INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE DISTRICT
Author Name:
Geethpriya. B & Jaya shree
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19693531
Page No.:
293-298
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A STUDY ON THE PREPARATION ABOUT IMPACT OF THE INNOVATION SCHEMES IN START-UP INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE DISTRICT
Author: Geethpriya. B & Jaya shree

ABSTRACT
This study examines the impact of innovation schemes under Start-up India on entrepreneurial development with special reference to Coimbatore district. The Government of India has introduced various innovation schemes such as funding support, incubation centres, tax benefits, and skill development programs to promote start-ups and innovation-driven enterprises. The study analyses the awareness, utilization, benefits, and challenges of these schemes among entrepreneurs. Primary data was collected from 90 respondents including start-up founders, small business owners, and aspiring entrepreneurs through structured questionnaires. Percentage analysis was used for data interpretation. The findings reveal that innovation schemes under Start-up India significantly support entrepreneurship by providing financial assistance, technical guidance, and market opportunities. However, challenges such as lack of awareness, procedural difficulties, and limited access to resources still exist. The study suggests improving awareness programs and simplifying procedures to enhance the effectiveness of innovation schemes.

Keywords: Start-up India, Innovation Schemes, Entrepreneurship, Government Support, Coimbatore
District

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF REVIEWS AND RATINGS ON ONLINE PURCHASE DECISION
Author Name:
Mithuna R & R Girinath
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19693638
Page No.:
299-305
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A STUDY ON IMPACT OF REVIEWS AND RATINGS ON ONLINE PURCHASE DECISION
Author: Mithuna R & R Girinath

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the impact of online reviews and ratings on the purchase decisions of consumers in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. Using a descriptive research design and primary data collected from 110 respondents through a structured questionnaire, the study examines three core dimensions: the general influence of reviews on purchase decisions, the determinants of trust and credibility of reviews, and the effect of review valence (positive or negative nature) on purchase intention. Simple percentage analysis was employed as the primary statistical tool. The study finds
that 75.4% of respondents regularly consult online reviews before purchasing, and 72.7% are highly influenced by star ratings. The average agreement level across all twenty Likert scale statements stands at 72.7%, well above the acceptance threshold. All three null hypotheses are rejected, confirming that reviews and ratings significantly influence purchase decisions, that trust factors including reviewer credibility, review volume, and recency significantly shape perceived helpfulness, and that review valence significantly affects consumer purchase intention in Coimbatore district.

Keywords: Online reviews, Star ratings, Purchase decision, eWOM, Consumer trust, Review valence, E-commerce, Coimbatore, India

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND ITS IMPACT ON SMARTPHONE USER ENGAGEMENT
Author Name:
Revathi G & Natarajan R
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19694043
Page No.:
306-310
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A STUDY ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND ITS IMPACT ON SMARTPHONE USER ENGAGEMENT
Author: Revathi G & Natarajan R

ABSTRACT
The rapid growth of smartphones and the increasing use of social media platforms have transformed digital marketing practices. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in enabling businesses to deliver personalized and data-driven content to users. This study examines the impact of AI-based social media marketing strategies on smartphone user engagement. It focuses on tools such as recommendation algorithms, sentiment analysis, chatbots, and programmatic advertising used on
platforms like Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires from 90 respondents, along with secondary data from journals and reports. The findings show that AI-driven marketing significantly enhances user engagement, including likes, shares, click-through rates, and conversions. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns and algorithm bias remain. The study concludes that effective use of AI can improve marketing outcomes
and strengthen customer relationships in the digital environment.

Keywords: AI, Social Media, Smartphone Users, Digital Marketing, Personalization, Engagement

Paper Title:
AI, MENTAL HEALTH AND PROFESSIONAL EXCELLENCE: A CRITICAL STUDY
Author Name:
Sreevidya Subramanyam & Deepa S V
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19754535
Page No.:
311-322
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AI, MENTAL HEALTH AND PROFESSIONAL EXCELLENCE: A CRITICAL STUDY
Author: Sreevidya Subramanyam & Deepa S V

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming human life by reshaping cognitive processes, workplace productivity, and professional competencies. This study critically examines the relationship between AI, mental well-being, and professional excellence using secondary data drawn from interdisciplinary literature in sociology, psychology, and organizational studies. AI technologies support decisionmaking, automate routine tasks, enhance skill development, and improve access to mental health interventions. At the same time, they create new socio-psychological challenges such as cognitive
overload, ethical concerns, digital dependency, and job insecurity. Evidence suggests that AI contributes to professional excellence by improving efficiency, creativity, and collaboration; however, excessive reliance may reduce autonomy and increase stress. The study applies socio-psychological theories including social cognitive theory, technological determinism, and human capital theory to interpret the dual impact of AI on individuals and institutions. Findings highlight that AI acts as both an enabling and regulating force shaping professional identity, emotional stability, and productivity. The study concludes that balanced integration of AI with human judgment is essential
for sustainable excellence. Policy support, digital literacy, ethical regulation, and psychological resilience training are recommended to maximize benefits while minimizing risks. Future research should focus on longitudinal and cross-cultural studies examining AI’s long-term influence on human cognition and professional development.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Mental Health, Professional Excellence, Digital Transformation, Workplace Productivity, Socio-psychological Impact

Paper Title:
जीएसटी लागू होने के पश्चात मध्य प्रदेश के राजस्व एवं आर्थिक विकास पर प्रभाव: रीवा जिले का तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण
Author Name:
अभिषेक कुमार पाण्डेय & अरुण कुमार गौतम
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19694430
Page No.:
323-338
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जीएसटी लागू होने के पश्चात मध्य प्रदेश के राजस्व एवं आर्थिक विकास पर प्रभाव: रीवा जिले का तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण
Author: अभिषेक कुमार पाण्डेय & अरुण कुमार गौतम

सार
यह अध्ययन “जीएसटी लागू होने के पश्चात मध्य प्रदेश के राजस्व एवं आर्थिक विकास पर प्रभाव: रीवा जिले का तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण” विषय पर आधारित है। इसका उद्देश्य जीएसटी लागू होने के बाद राज्य एवं जिला स्तर पर राजस्व संग्रहण, कर प्रणाली की पारदर्शिता तथा आर्थिक गतिविधियों में आए परिवर्तनों का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन में प्राथमिक एवं द्वितीयक दोनों प्रकार के आंकड़ों का उपयोग किया गया है, जिसमें 200 उत्तरदाताओं से प्राप्त जानकारी तथा सरकारी रिपोर्टों का विश्लेषण शामिल है। अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि जीएसटी लागू होने के पश्चात मध्य प्रदेश के राजस्व में वृद्धि हुई है तथा कर प्रणाली अधिक संगठित एवं पारदर्शी बनी है। रीवा जिले में प्रारंभिक चरण में व्यापारियों को नई कर प्रणाली के अनुकूल होने में कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ा, किंतु समय के साथ कर अनुपालन में सुधार हुआ है। जीएसटी के कारण व्यापारिक गतिविधियों में औपचारिकता बढ़ी है, जिससे आर्थिक विकास को गति मिली है। हालांकि, छोटे एवं मध्यम व्यापारियों के लिए तकनीकी जटिलताएँ एवं जागरूकता की कमी अभी भी एक चुनौती बनी हुई है। अध्ययन यह सुझाव देता है कि सरकार को प्रशिक्षण, तकनीकी सहायता एवं नीतिगत सुधारों के माध्यम से जीएसटी प्रणाली को और अधिक प्रभावी बनाना चाहिए।
कुंजी शब्द: जीएसटी, राजस्व संग्रहण, आर्थिक विकास, कर प्रणाली, रीवा जिला

Paper Title:
A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON INDIA'S PROGRESS IN GENDER EQUALITY
Author Name:
Bhagyamma
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19736890
Page No.:
339-343
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A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON INDIA'S PROGRESS IN GENDER EQUALITY
Author: Bhagyamma

ABSTRACT
Men and women are equal and have an important role in the development of their households specifically and in contemporary society. Indeed, a significant challenge of the women's movement worldwide has been the struggle for equality. Popularity does not vary according to differences in
gender or body type. The sense of inferiority has disappeared as women stand as equals to men. Women in India have historically been seen as the oppressed class and neglected for centuries because of their extended backs. Without question, gender inequality is present in India. Women are excelling remarkably in numerous exceptional areas currently. Most Indian women still encounter discrimination and gender inequality. Gender inequality in India is more evident than in other countries. A multi-faceted measure of gender inequality is the gender gap index. In 2013, India ranked
101st among 136 nations globally, achieving a WEF score of 0.67. This paper seeks to recognize the elements that lead to gender inequality and offers approaches to tackle the problem

Paper Title:
GENDER DISPARITY IN THE USE OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN READING COMPREHENSION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE ESL LEARNERS
Author Name:
Kakoli Sen Banerjee & Somak Mandal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19759090
Page No.:
344-352
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GENDER DISPARITY IN THE USE OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN READING COMPREHENSION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE ESL LEARNERS
Author: Kakoli Sen Banerjee & Somak Mandal

ABSTRACT
Gender differences in the use of metacognitive strategies are well documented in second-language reading research, but empirical evidence from Indian undergraduate ESL contexts—especially in literary reading—remain limited. This study investigates gender-based variation in predicting,
planning, and monitoring during prose and poetry comprehension among Bengali-speaking undergraduate ESL learners. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected from 28 English Honours students through comprehension tests, an adapted MARSI, reflective journals, classroom
observations, and semi-structured interviews. Female learners used global and support strategies significantly more and displayed more consistent monitoring, especially in poetry. Qualitative results confirmed greater metacognitive awareness and strategic flexibility among female students. The study highlights the influence of gender-based metacognitive differences on literary reading outcomes and the need for explicit strategy instruction in ESL classrooms, offering insights into gendered reading
behaviours in Indian higher education. This article presents an empirical investigation of metacognitive strategy use in reading comprehension among undergraduate ESL learners in an Indian college, focusing on gender variations in predicting, planning, and monitoring during prose and poetry reading. Using a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative tests and MARSI survey data with qualitative insights, female students consistently demonstrated greater use of global and monitoring strategies and performed better in poetry comprehension, reflecting heightened metacognitive awareness and self-regulation. The article discusses factors behind these gender disparities and implications for ESL instruction,
offering context-sensitive evidence to inform applied linguistics and English studies.

Keywords: metacognitive strategies, gender disparity, ESL reading comprehension, prose and poetry, undergraduate learners

Paper Title:
A CRITICAL STUDY OF NEP 2020 RELATED PROS AND CONS
Author Name:
Anterjot Singh Dhillon
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19762451
Page No.:
353-362
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A CRITICAL STUDY OF NEP 2020 RELATED PROS AND CONS
Author: Anterjot Singh Dhillon

ABSTRACT
Indian Governments have been formulating our National Education Policies from time to time since independence according to the needs and to make suitable changes. NEP 2020 is considered a very important document in this regard which attempts to identify the challenges faced by our educational
system. Education has been expanding all over the world and India could not remain unaffected. The socio economic setup of India is quite distinct from other countries and we need an educational policy which is best suited to our own conditions. NEP 2020 has been drafted to meet the need for knowledge and skill and prepare the students for higher education in the area of a skill development. It also attempts to highlight the role of languages and linguistic diversity of India. This policy is primarily based on fundamentals of “Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, and Accountability” and to make India a strong knowledge hub. It has the prime aim to impart holistic and multi-disciplinary
education to the students to cover the subjects such as art, music and sports along with their other syllabus.

Keywords: NEP 2020, National Education Policy (NEP 2020), Governance, Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, Accountability.

Paper Title:
FROM TOTAL SOCIAL FACT TO TOTAL WAR: BASTAR AND THE SIX DIMENSIONS OF INSURGENCY
Author Name:
Nand Kishor Dehary, Danendra & Suraj Sahu
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19946299
Page No.:
363-373
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FROM TOTAL SOCIAL FACT TO TOTAL WAR: BASTAR AND THE SIX DIMENSIONS OF INSURGENCY
Author: Nand Kishor Dehary, Danendra & Suraj Sahu

ABSTRACT
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in Chhattisgarh's Bastar division has claimed nearly 12,000 lives since 2000, including 4,138 civilians, 2,723 security personnel, and 5,063 insurgents. India has responded with over 14,000 kilometres of new roads, hundreds of residential schools, and thousands
of captured or killed cadres. The insurgency continues anyway. This paper reads the conflict through Marcel Mauss's concept of the fait social total: a phenomenon that cannot be isolated into any single register. We argue the conflict operates across six dimensions at once. Three are structural: material
(land and resources), institutional (governance, law, health), and corporeal (bodies and displacement).
Three are psychosocial: relational (trust and attachment between state and communities), moral (frameworks of right action), and existential (meaning, identity, purpose). These dimensions interact through feedback loops that absorb and redirect any intervention reaching only one or two of them. Four historical episodes are examined across all six dimensions: the colonial forest enclosures, the Maoist entry, the Salwa Judum, and the current phase of counterinsurgency. The pattern is consistent. Security-first and development-first approaches both fail because the dimensions they leave alone reconstitute the conditions for insurgency. Durable peace requires intervention across all six, and it requires recognition of Adivasi identity rather than assimilation into the mainstream.

Keyword: Naxalism; Bastar; fait social total; moral injury; Adivasi; peacebuilding

Paper Title:
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE ARREST OF A SITTING HEAD OF STATE: A DETAILED LEGAL AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Sunil Kumar S.
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19946951
Page No.:
374-377
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INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE ARREST OF A SITTING HEAD OF STATE: A DETAILED LEGAL AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ANALYSIS
Author: Sunil Kumar S.

ABSTRACT
This paper critically examines the legality, implications, and failures associated with the arrest of a sitting head of state by another sovereign country, using the alleged arrest of the Venezuelan President by the United States as a contemporary reference point. The study analyses the incident through established principles of International Law, including state sovereignty, non‑intervention, use of force, and head‑of‑state immunity. It further evaluates the episode through International Relations Theory to
identify where and why the international system failed to prevent escalation. The paper argues that unilateral enforcement actions against foreign leaders undermine the rule‑based international order and set a dangerous precedent, regardless of the political or moral justifications advanced.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON STUDENT ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOURINFLUNCED BY FACEBOOK ADVERTISEMENT
Author Name:
G Kowsalya, Abirami
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20023796
Page No.:
378-381
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A STUDY ON STUDENT ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOURINFLUNCED BY FACEBOOK ADVERTISEMENT
Author: G Kowsalya, Abirami

INTRODUCTION
The rapid growth of digital technology and social media has significantly transformed consumer purchasing behaviour. Facebook, as one of the world's largest social media platforms, has become a powerful advertising medium that reaches billions of users globally. Businesses increasingly leverage Facebook advertisements to target specific audiences based on their interests, demographics, and online behaviour. Students, as a dominant and highly active social media user group, are particularly susceptible to the influence of these digital advertisements. Being tech-savvy and constantly
connected, students frequently encounter Facebook ads that shape their product awareness, brand attitudes, and purchase intentions. The convenience of online shopping, combined with the persuasive nature of Facebook advertising, has made e-commerce increasingly popular among the student population. However, limited research has been dedicated specifically to understanding how Facebook
advertisements influence the online buying behaviour of students as a unique consumer segment.
Therefore, this study aims to examine the extent and nature of Facebook advertisement's influence on
student online buying behaviour, providing valuable insights for marketers, educators, and consumers
alike.
Keywords: Online buying behaviour, social media marketing, E-commerce purchasing intention,
Facebook advertising

Paper Title:
GREEN MARKETING AND ORGANIC PRODUCTS
Author Name:
G. REVATHI, G. DEVA PRAKASH
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20024014
Page No.:
382-384
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GREEN MARKETING AND ORGANIC PRODUCTS
Author: G. REVATHI, G. DEVA PRAKASH

ABSTRACT
This study investigates consumer satisfaction and buying behavior regarding green marketing and organic products within Coimbatore City. As environmental degradation becomes a global concern, green marketing has emerged as a holistic approach to manufacturing and promoting products that are environmentally safe. The research primarily aims to measure consumer awareness levels and identify the factors influencing the purchase of organic food products. Utilizing a sample of 124 respondents selected randomly, the study employs simple percentage analysis to interpret primary data collected via structured questionnaires. The findings reveal that while health consciousness and environmental protection are significant drivers for organic consumption, challenges such as high pricing and limited
availability persist in the Indian market. The study concludes that effective use of the green marketing mix (4Ps) can significantly transform consumer buying patterns toward sustainable options.

Keywords: Green Marketing, Organic Products, Consumer Satisfaction, Consumer Behavior, Coimbatore City, Sustainable Development.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON SHAPING THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION WITH AIENABLED PERSONALIZED LEARNING SYSTEM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY
Author Name:
Nandhini. R & Divya. R
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20024229
Page No.:
385-390
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A STUDY ON SHAPING THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION WITH AIENABLED PERSONALIZED LEARNING SYSTEM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY
Author: Nandhini. R & Divya. R

ABSTRACT
The accelerated development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping several industries, such as higher education. This research explores the ways of creating the future for higher education based on AI-based personalised learning systems, with emphasis placed on Coimbatore City. Personalised
learning implies using AI technologies to tailor the learning process tailored to the needs, preferences, and capabilities of students. The central aim of the research is to explore the effectiveness of using AIbased systems to increase students' engagement and improve their learning results, as well as provide
personalised education. The study also analyses the level of awareness about and usage of AI technologies by students and lecturers in higher educational establishments. In order to obtain data necessary for analysis, questionnaires are used. They are then analysed with the help of statistical
tools, namely simple percentages and chi-square. The results obtained from the research suggest that the use of AI-based personalised learning systems in higher education can change the traditional education system dramatically, making it more efficient, flexible, and focused on the individual needs of learners. Nevertheless, some barriers like the absence of appropriate infrastructure, confidentiality problems, and awareness still prevail.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Personalised Learning, Higher Education, Student Engagement

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE EVENT-BASED VOLATILITY ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TWO-WHEELER STOCKS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TVS MOTOR AND BAJAJ AUTO
Author Name:
Mithuna R & Kiruthika D
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20024313
Page No.:
391-396
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A STUDY ON THE EVENT-BASED VOLATILITY ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TWO-WHEELER STOCKS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TVS MOTOR AND BAJAJ AUTO
Author: Mithuna R & Kiruthika D

ABSTRACT
This study examines Bajaj Auto and TVS Motor Company (2015–2024) to identify events that triggered share price shifts in India's two main two-wheeler companies. Using an event study methodology with a ±30-day event window, it investigates the impact of eight major macroeconomic
and policy events: COVID-19 Lockdown (2020), Union Budget EV Incentives (2021), FAME II Policy Revision (2022), BS-VI Transition (2019), IL&FS Crisis (2018), GST Implementation (2016), Demonetization (2016), and EV Policy & PLI Scheme (2023). All eight events produced statistically significant volatility spikes for both companies using Descriptive Statistics, Paired Sample t-Test,
Independent Sample t-Test, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, Coefficient of Variation, Average True Range, and Bollinger Band Width. The COVID-19 Lockdown generated the highest volatility (post-event SD: 4.12% TVS, 3.78% Bajaj), while EV policy events created high-risk, highreward scenarios. High correlation (r = 0.654–0.831) confirms systemic industry risk dominance.

Keywords: Event Study, Stock Volatility, TVS Motor, Bajaj Auto, Two-Wheeler Industry, Indian Capital Market, EV Policy

Paper Title:
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL CURRENCY ON THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Author Name:
B.Geethpriya & Thasmina
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20024380
Page No.:
397-402
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AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL CURRENCY ON THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Author: B.Geethpriya & Thasmina

ABSTRACT
This study explores the impact of digital currency on the financial system, focusing on its role in transforming traditional financial practices. Digital currencies, including cryptocurrencies and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), have introduced new methods of payment, investment, and value
transfer. The research examines key aspects such as efficiency, transparency, security, and financial inclusion brought about by digital currency adoption. It also analyzes the challenges faced by financial systems, including regulatory issues, volatility, cybersecurity risks, and lack of awareness among
users. Using exploratory research methods, the study reviews existing literature, reports, and market trends to understand the evolving landscape. The findings suggest that while digital currencies offer significant opportunities for innovation and growth in the financial sector, they also require strong regulatory frameworks and technological safeguards to ensure stability and trust. Overall, digital currency is reshaping the financial ecosystem, influencing both institutions and consumers globally.

Keywords: Digital Currency, Cryptocurrency, Financial System, Blockchain Technology, Financial Inclusion

Paper Title:
ट्रिंकोमाली बंदरगाह विकास: भारत-श्रीलंका आर्थिक साझेदारी और क्षेत्रीय सुरक्षा
Author Name:
देवेंद्र कुमार & मुनेश्वर यादव
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20034280
Page No.:
403-411
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ट्रिंकोमाली बंदरगाह विकास: भारत-श्रीलंका आर्थिक साझेदारी और क्षेत्रीय सुरक्षा
Author: देवेंद्र कुमार & मुनेश्वर यादव

सारांश
ट्रिंकोमाली बंदरगाह का रणनीतिक और आर्थिक विकास भारत–श्रीलंका संबंधों में उभरते नए आयामों को प्रतिबिंबित करता है। अपनी असाधारण प्राकृतिक गहराई और सामरिक स्थिति के कारण विश्व के प्रमुख प्राकृतिक बंदरगाहों में गिने जाने वाला ट्रिंकोमाली, हिंद महासागर क्षेत्र में तीव्र भू-राजनीतिक प्रतिस्पर्धा का केंद्र बना हुआ है। समकालीन परिप्रेक्ष्य में ट्रिंकोमाली का विकास केवल सुरक्षा-केन्द्रित दृष्टिकोण तक सीमित नहीं है, बल्कि ‘कोलंबो–ट्रिंकोमाली आर्थिक गलियारे’, ऊर्जा ग्रिड कनेक्टिविटी और औद्योगिक अवसंरचना सहयोग के माध्यम से व्यापक आर्थिक अंतरसंबंधों की दिशा में उन्मुख है। उपलब्ध आँकड़ों के विश्लेषण से बंदरगाह की कार्गो क्षमता, तेल टैंकों के प्रबंधन तथा 2050 तक संभावित व्यापार विस्तार का संकेत मिलता है। साथ ही, स्थानीय जातीय राजनीति, भूमि स्वामित्व विवाद और प्रशासनिक चुनौतियाँ इस परियोजना की प्रगति को प्रभावित करने वाले महत्वपूर्ण कारक हैं। 1987 के भारत-श्रीलंका समझौते के ऐतिहासिक संदर्भ से लेकर 2022 के तेल टैंक फार्म पुनरुद्धार समझौते तक, यह आलेख यह स्पष्ट करता है कि कैसे भारत अपनी 'पड़ोस प्रथम' नीति के माध्यम से चीन के बढ़ते प्रभाव, विशेष रूप से हम्बनटोटा और कोलंबो पोर्ट सिटी में चीनी निवेश, को संतुलित करने का प्रयास कर रहा है ।

शब्द कुंजी: ट्रिंकोमाली बंदरगाह विकास, हिंद-प्रशांत भू-राजनीति, ट्रिंकोमाली तेल टैंक फार्म, पड़ोस प्रथम नीति, ऊर्जा ग्रिड कनेक्टिविटी, नीली अर्थव्यवस्था

Paper Title:
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT UNDER UTTAR PRADESH FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY POLICY 2023
Author Name:
Preeti Devi , Yaduvendra Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Surjeet Singh, Sanjay Singh, Neha, Ramlakhan Yadav
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20035823
Page No.:
412-423
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SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT UNDER UTTAR PRADESH FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY POLICY 2023
Author: Preeti Devi , Yaduvendra Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Surjeet Singh, Sanjay Singh, Neha, Ramlakhan Yadav

ABSTRACT
Uttar Pradesh, the most populated and a major agricultural producer, has very high spatial disparities in agro-industrial development in the 75 districts and the nine agro-climatic zones. Although the state has more than 6,500 organized and 35,000 unorganized food processing units, the geographical
distribution of these units is grossly uneven, with the western part of the state having most of the food processing units, and some districts within Bundelkhand and eastern U.P. being completely devoid of food processing facilities. Within the policy framework covering 20222027, the Uttar Pradesh Food Processing Industry Policy 2023 is an incentive architecture (comprising 35 capital subsidies, 100 % stamp duty exemption, cold chain infrastructure support, and export transport subsidies) designed to stimulate agro-based industrialization in the state. This paper aims at a spatial analysis of the
development of food processing industry in UP, with special focus on regional development of food processing units, agro-climatic zoning of agro-potential, infrastructure endowments and the spatial implications of the provisions of the 2023 policy. Based on secondary data, which includes
government statistical reports, Annual Survey of Industries, records of the scheme of ODOP and published academic literature, the research demonstrates that there exist considerable spatial discrepancies between the areas of agricultural output and food processing capacity. The analysis has singled out Bundelkhand and eastern UP as hotspots of deficit areas that need specific spatial policy interventions to be added to the homogenous subsidy system of the 2023 policy. The article offers a geographical analysis framework on the potential of the policy to minimize the regional inequalities
on agro-based industrialization.

Keywords: Spatial Analysis, Food Processing Industry, Uttar Pradesh, Agro-Climatic Zones, Regional Disparity, ODOP, Cold Chain Infrastructure, Industrial Policy.

Paper Title:
उत्तर प्रदेश की चुनावी राजनीति में पिछड़ी जातियों की भूमिका: लोहिया से मंडल तक
Author Name:
चन्द्रभान यादव
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20036243
Page No.:
424-433
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उत्तर प्रदेश की चुनावी राजनीति में पिछड़ी जातियों की भूमिका: लोहिया से मंडल तक
Author: चन्द्रभान यादव

सारांश :
उत्तर प्रदेश की चुनावी राजनीति में पिछड़ी जातियों की भूमिका पर आधारित यह अध्ययन उनके राजनीतिक उद्भव और प्रभाव को समझने का प्रयास करता है। लोहिया के सामाजिक न्याय विचारों से लेकर मंडल आयोग की सिफारिशों तक, पिछड़ी जातियों ने उत्तर प्रदेश की राजनीति में महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव लाए हैं। उन्होंने न केवल दलों की सत्ता संरचना को प्रभावित किया है, बल्कि चुनावी रणनीतियों और उम्मीदवार चयन में भी निर्णायक भूमिका निभाई है। समाजवादी और अन्य क्षेत्रीय पार्टियों ने इन जातियों को आधार बनाकर अपनी राजनीतिक मजबूती सुनिश्चित की है। पिछड़ी जातियों की बढ़ती राजनीतिक जागरूकता ने राज्य के राजनीतिक परिदृश्य को बहु-पक्षीय और प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक बनाया है। आर्थिक और सामाजिक परिवर्तन ने उनके वोटिंग पैटर्न को और जटिल बनाया है। मंडल युग में आरक्षितियों और सामाजिक न्याय की मांगों ने उनकी राजनीतिक भागीदारी को और अधिक सक्रिय किया। यह अध्ययन यह भी दर्शाता है कि पिछड़ी जातियों का वोट बैंक राजनीति में स्थायित्व और परिवर्तन दोनों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है। उत्तर प्रदेश की चुनावी रणनीतियों और विकास नीतियों में उनका प्रभाव गहरा और दीर्घकालिक रहा है। अंततः, पिछड़ी जातियों ने उत्तर प्रदेश की राजनीति को अधिक समावेशी और प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक बनाने में केंद्रीय भूमिका निभाई है।

मुख्य शब्द : उत्तर प्रदेश, पिछड़ी जातियाँ, लोहिया, मंडल आयोग, चुनाव, वोट बैंक, सामाजिक न्याय।

Paper Title:
EXPLORING GEN Z CONSUMER DECISION MAKING STYLES IN CONTEXT TO APPARELS IN NORTH INDIAN REGION
Author Name:
Anchal Arora, Nishu Rani & Ashish Bajaj
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20079963
Page No.:
434-454
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EXPLORING GEN Z CONSUMER DECISION MAKING STYLES IN CONTEXT TO APPARELS IN NORTH INDIAN REGION
Author: Anchal Arora, Nishu Rani & Ashish Bajaj

ABSTRACT
In the contemporary business culture, one requires to be more conversant with consumer decisionmaking trends in various geographies in order to successfully radiate their offerings and goods and attain a competitive edge. Due to various marketplace dynamics, men's and women's decision-making
styles differ. It is important to comprehend their conduct to be competitive in the market. Shopping styles are of paramount significance because they determine consumer behaviour and are vital for market segmentation. Several variables affect decision-making while buying products or services. In
Kotler's model, the five steps in the purchasing process are need identification, information search, alternative assessment, purchase decision, and post-purchase behaviour. Consumers have to make a difficult and important decision while making a purchase in the contemporary marketplace. Marketers often try to comprehend consumer behaviour in order to produce and create goods that will be competitive on a global scale. The Consumer Style Inventory (CSI), created by Sproles and Kendall in
1986 to define a consumer's decision-making style, is based on the consumer characteristic approach and examines many cognitive aspects of consumer decision-making. After testing it twice on groups of US female students, they came up with eight features. Numerous studies on CSI have been conducted over the years among consumers in various countries by various researchers. The goal of the study is to explore the factor affecting consumer behaviour by using consumer style inventory among Gen Z consumers. Since Gen Z is significant population and digitalization has played a significant role in establishing their shopping styles. It becomes significant to understand their
behaviour. The study is novel as it contributes to both academics and marketers in framing appropriate marketing mix. The results conclude with eight major factors that exploratory factor analysis confirms are: novelty conscious, perfectionist, brand conscious, impulsiveness, brand loyal, confused by overchoice, recreational conscious and price conscious when it comes to purchasing apparels among the consumers of North India.

Keywords: Consumer Behaviour, Consumer Style Inventory, Decision-Making Styles

Paper Title:
ग्रामीण श्रमिकों की आजीविका असुरक्षा राज्य हस्तक्षेप और गरीबी उन्मूलन के संदर्भ में मनरेगा का समन्वित अध्ययन
Author Name:
सन्त राम पाल & अरुण कुमार यादव
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20064947
Page No.:
455-469
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ग्रामीण श्रमिकों की आजीविका असुरक्षा राज्य हस्तक्षेप और गरीबी उन्मूलन के संदर्भ में मनरेगा का समन्वित अध्ययन
Author: सन्त राम पाल & अरुण कुमार यादव

शोध-सार
ग्रामीण भारत में आजीविका असुरक्षा, मौसमी बेरोज़गारी तथा संरचनात्मक गरीबी लंबे समय से सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास के समक्ष प्रमुख चुनौती रही है। विशेषतः भूमिहीन एवं सीमांत श्रमिक आय-अनिश्चितता और बाध्य पलायन की समस्या से जूझते रहे हैं। इस संदर्भ में महात्मा गांधी राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण रोजगार गारंटी अधिनियम (मनरेगा) राज्य हस्तक्षेप के एक महत्वपूर्ण साधन के रूप में उभरता है। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य मनरेगा के माध्यम से ग्रामीण श्रमिकों की आजीविका सुरक्षा, आय स्तर, पलायन प्रवृत्ति तथा सामाजिक सशक्तीकरण पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों का समन्वित विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन क्षेत्र उत्तर प्रदेश के अम्बेडकरनगर जनपद के रामनगर ब्लॉक को चयनित किया गया, जहाँ 100 श्रमिकों के नमूने पर प्रश्नावली एवं साक्षात्कार के माध्यम से प्राथमिक डेटा संकलित किया गया तथा द्वितीयक स्रोतों का भी उपयोग किया गया। विश्लेषण हेतु प्रतिशत, औसत एवं तुलनात्मक पद्धतियों का प्रयोग किया गया। निष्कर्षतः मनरेगा ने आय में वृद्धि, रोजगार दिवस उपलब्धता, महिला सहभागिता एवं सामाजिक जागरूकता में सकारात्मक प्रभाव डाला है तथा पलायन प्रवृत्ति में कमी आई है। नीतिगत रूप से रोजगार दिवस विस्तार, समयबद्ध भुगतान एवं सामाजिक लेखा-जोखा सुदृढ़ीकरण की आवश्यकता प्रतिपादित होती है।

कुंजी शब्द: ग्रामीण आजीविका असुरक्षा, राज्य हस्तक्षेप, गरीबी उन्मूलन, मनरेगा, रोजगार गारंटी, सामाजिक सशक्तीकरण, पलायन

Paper Title:
INTERSECTION OF PATRIARCHY, IDENTITY AND VIOLENCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED WORKS OF MANJU KAPUR, BHARATI MUKHERJEE AND SHASHI DESHPANDE
Author Name:
Simran & S. M Abid Rizvi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20065003
Page No.:
470-479
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INTERSECTION OF PATRIARCHY, IDENTITY AND VIOLENCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED WORKS OF MANJU KAPUR, BHARATI MUKHERJEE AND SHASHI DESHPANDE
Author: Simran & S. M Abid Rizvi

ABSTRACT
The study examines how Manju Kapur and Bharati Mukherjee and Shashi Deshpande portray patriarchy as it affects identity development and violent behavior. The study investigates how patriarchal systems determine women's identity development across various social and cultural environments which include traditional Indian societies and diasporic Indian communities. The
research examines multiple types of violence which include physical and psychological and cultural violence to understand their effects on how women develop their identities. The study uses thematic and content analysis methods to show how the stories display patterns of oppression and resistance and transformation. The research shows that patriarchy exists throughout society yet women characters use their power to shape their personal identities. The study advances feminist literary studies by presenting a comparative analysis of gender dynamics and cultural influences and power relationships which show how women's roles in modern literature have evolved over time.

Keywords: Patriarchy, Identity, Violence, Feminist Criticism, Women’s Agency, Diaspora, Gender Studies, Indian English Literature

Paper Title:
IMPACT OF ETHICAL BRANDING AND SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT ON CONSUMER TRUST AND LOYALTY: EVIDENCE FROM MAMAEARTH CONSUMERS
Author Name:
Hem Lata , Ashwani Kumar & Urvashi Sharma
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20355665
Page No.:
478-488
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IMPACT OF ETHICAL BRANDING AND SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT ON CONSUMER TRUST AND LOYALTY: EVIDENCE FROM MAMAEARTH CONSUMERS
Author: Hem Lata , Ashwani Kumar & Urvashi Sharma

ABSTRACT
The research investigates how ethical branding together with social media platforms affects consumer trust and brand loyalty for Mamaearth customers. The study employs a descriptive research design which collects primary data through a structured questionnaire from 200 participants. The results demonstrate that transparency and eco-friendly products together
with honesty as an ethical practice create a major impact on how consumers perceive trustworthiness.
Active social media engagement activities enable brands to establish better relationships with their customers through strong emotional ties. The research demonstrates that people who possess stronger trust relationships with brands will demonstrate greater brand loyalty together with higher rates of purchasing the same products again. The research demonstrates that beauty brands should implement both ethical business practices and digital customer interaction methods to build better relationships with their customers.

Keywords: Ethical Branding, Social Media Engagement, Consumer Trust, Brand Loyalty, Mamaearth, Beauty Industry

Paper Title:
EMERGING CHALLENGES FOR CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS
Author Name:
Padma T
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20068326
Page No.:
489-496
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EMERGING CHALLENGES FOR CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS
Author: Padma T

ABSTRACT
The Indian third sector, often referred to as the non-profit sector, ranks among the largest and undoubtedly the most varied globally. Civil society organizations exist in nearly every aspect of human activity, such as community bee-keeping! In terms of scale, a representative survey indicated that approximately 1.2 million entities operate in India, employing over 6 million individuals. This figure is increasing consistently as new non-profits
are established daily. Civil society continues to be the preferred avenue for social transformation. Indeed, we can confidently state that civil society organizations have proven highly effective across various domains in India. They have not only addressed the gaps in social services left by the
government, but have also created awareness, influenced new legislation, exposed scams and dishonest motives, effectively fulfilling everything that the civil sector—acting as the nation's conscience and ombudsman—should accomplish.

Keywords : Civil Society, Economic Interests, Legitimacy, Social Movement, Voluntary Organizations

Paper Title:
SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION: OVER STIMULATING THE BRAIN’S COGNITIVE SYSTEM
Author Name:
Shipra Srivastava
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20081804
Page No.:
497-501
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SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION: OVER STIMULATING THE BRAIN’S COGNITIVE SYSTEM
Author: Shipra Srivastava

ABSTRACT
Social Media addiction acts as a “digital dopamine” delivery system that overstimulates the brains cognitive systems. Chronic overstimulation leads to “digital anhedonia”, a diminished capacity to find pleasure in real world, less intense experiences. In recent years, social media addiction has become
deeply embedded in the everyday lives of human brain. These platforms, designed to capture and sustain user attention through different aspects like messages, comments, notifications and algorithm driven content, contribute to fragmented sustained attention reduced concentration and overstimulation. Social media influence on our brain function and cognitive abilities are not ignored. This review article aims to explore the negative impacts of social media on crucial cognitive brain functions. It was found that heavy social media users become less able to ignore distraction in general,
which leads to poorer cognitive performance and shrinks parts of the brain associated with maintaining concentration.

Key Words:- Social media, Cognitive processes, Attention, Decision-making, Neural pathways, Algorithm

Paper Title:
SOCIO-LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF HONOUR KILLING IN INDIA
Author Name:
Swapna Bijayini
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20094149
Page No.:
502-512
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SOCIO-LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF HONOUR KILLING IN INDIA
Author: Swapna Bijayini

ABSTRACT
Honour killing represents a grave violation of human rights and constitutional values in India, rooted in deeply entrenched socio-cultural norms related to caste, gender, and family prestige. The present study examines the socio-legal dimensions of honour killing, emphasizing its causes, legal framework,
judicial responses, and preventive measures. The research identifies that honour killings primarily arise due to inter-caste and inter-religious marriages, resistance to patriarchal norms, and assertion of individual autonomy, particularly by women. Despite constitutional guarantees under Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21, such practices persist due to weak enforcement, societal pressures, and absence of specific legislation. The judiciary has consistently condemned honour killings, recognizing them as barbaric
and unconstitutional, and has issued guidelines to curb such crimes. However, lack of witnesses, social complicity, and loopholes in existing laws hinder effective prosecution. The study concludes that legal reforms, combined with social awareness and institutional mechanisms, are essential to eliminate this practice. A multidisciplinary approach involving legal, educational, and policy interventions is necessary to protect individual liberty and dignity in a democratic society.

Keywords
Honour Killing, Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Khap Panchayats, Individual Autonomy, Gender Justice, Criminal Law, Social Norms, Inter-caste Marriage, Legal Reform

Paper Title:
POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN INDIAN DIGITAL MEDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RANVEER ALLAHBADIA AND DHRUV RATHEE’S PODCASTS”
Author Name:
Suman Sharma & Vikram Kaushik
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20094633
Page No.:
513-524
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POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN INDIAN DIGITAL MEDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RANVEER ALLAHBADIA AND DHRUV RATHEE’S PODCASTS”
Author: Suman Sharma & Vikram Kaushik

ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the political podcasts started by Dhruv Rathee on his YouTube channel, Dhruv Rathee, and The Ranveer Show, hosted by Ranveer Allahbadia, also known as Beer Biceps. This paper helps in understanding how micro-expressions and non-verbal communication play a significant role in perception building. Content analysis through a systematic codebook was used to examine podcasts focused on Indian politics by Beer Biceps (Ranveer Allahbadia) and Dhruv Rathee. Content analysis is suited for highlighting the appropriate work of a scholar of mass communication: it is an analysis of messages (Lombard, Snyder-Duch, & Bracken, 2002). Purposive sampling was used to select the podcasts of these YouTube creators. The period from March 2023 to February 2024 was selected, as it was one year before the election, when political parties use various strategies for their PR and political
activities are at their peak. The variables or parameters of the systematic codebook were primarily focused on categories of framing, linguistics, and audience engagement. The results show that audience engagement depends upon the communicative style and design of the hosts. Rathee talks
about recent controversial topics of high intensity, with strong emphasis on government accountability. Due to this, people with different opinions create a polarized comment section.

Keywords: Podcast, YouTube, Dhruv Rathee, Ranveer Allahbadia, Political Discourse

Paper Title:
UNEMPLOYMENT AND YOUTH ASPIRATIONS IN KARNATAKA: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Siddaroodh Basaligundi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20268119
Page No.:
524-529
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UNEMPLOYMENT AND YOUTH ASPIRATIONS IN KARNATAKA: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Author: Siddaroodh Basaligundi

ABSTRACT
In this research article, the authors examine the intricate linkage between unemployment and aspirations of the youth in the fast-developing state of Karnataka in India. The problem of youth unemployment is a serious sociological problem that has a lot of impacts on the social identity,
economic and social stability, and the future of young people. The study examines the impact of unemployment on the aspirations of the youth of Karnataka with a focus on the differences between urban and rural areas, as well as the socio-economic background. Qualitative data was collected using interviews and focus group discussions and quantitative data were obtained from government reports and surveys, the research adopted a mixed methods approach. The results show that unemployment not only limits economic possibilities, but also has an effect on psychological welfare and social mobility and results in changed and postponed expectations. Findings reveal how societal expectations, family expectations, and structural barriers influence the goals of youth. It also looks at coping strategies and alternate routes taken by the youth who are not working. This sociological study is valuable for understanding the relationship between unemployment and the aspirations of the youth, and is informative of the policy recommendations for education, skill development and employment
generation programme. To achieve inclusive growth and to make use of the demographic dividend in Karnataka is very essential to overcome the above stated problems.

Keywords: Unemployment, Youth, Aspirations, Socio-economic Factors, Employment Challenges.

Paper Title:
E-COMMERCE GROWTH AND DIGITAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN THE POST-COVID ERA: A REVIEW
Author Name:
Monica Sethi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20268462
Page No.:
530-539
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E-COMMERCE GROWTH AND DIGITAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN THE POST-COVID ERA: A REVIEW
Author: Monica Sethi

ABSTRACT
COVID-19 brought an unprecedented transformation in the global way of doing business, and forever altered consumer behaviour, accelerating ecommerce growth among all sectors. The aim of this review paper is to gather the updated knowledge about the development of e-commerce and evolving dynamics of digital consumer behavior in the post-pandemic era. The paper analyzes the major factors behind the growth of e-commerce, changing consumer buying habits, the impact of new technologies
like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented Reality (AR), and social commerce, and the obstacles such as digital trust, cybersecurity, and last-mile logistics. The review also examines the regional differences in digital adoption and provides implications for marketers, policymakers, and technology
builders. The results show that the pandemic did not simply accelerate a trend but completely reshaped consumer expectations, competition and the digital retail landscape in a way that will impact the future for some time to come.

Keywords: E-commerce, digital consumer behaviour, post-COVID era, online shopping, digital transformation, social commerce, omnichannel retail

Paper Title:
शिक्षा में अभिभावकों की भूमिका पर गिजूभाई बधेका के शैक्षिक विचार
Author Name:
नीता सिंह & रीता सिंह
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20284386
Page No.:
540-544
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शिक्षा में अभिभावकों की भूमिका पर गिजूभाई बधेका के शैक्षिक विचार
Author: नीता सिंह & रीता सिंह

सारांश
गिजूभाई बधेका भारत के अग्रणी शिक्षा सुधारकों में से एक थे, जिन्होंने बाल-केंद्रित शिक्षा और शिक्षा में माता-पिता की सक्रिय भागीदारी पर बल दिया। यह शोधपत्र अधिगम प्रक्रिया में माता-पिता की भूमिका के संबंध में उनके शैक्षिक विचारों का विश्लेषण करता है। गिजूभाई का मानना था कि माता-पिता ही प्रथम शिक्षक होते हैं और घर ही बच्चे का प्रारंभिक अधिगम वातावरण होता है। उन्होंने स्नेह, भावनात्मक सुरक्षा, स्वतंत्रता, रचनात्मकता और नैतिक मार्गदर्शन को पालन-पोषण के आवश्यक तत्व बताया। यह अध्ययन भय-आधारित अनुशासन और रटने की पद्धति के प्रति उनके विरोध को उजागर करता है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप उन्होंने आनंदमय और अनुभवात्मक शिक्षा का समर्थन किया। यह बच्चों के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए माता-पिता और शिक्षकों के बीच सहयोग पर उनके विचारों पर भी चर्चा करता है। यह शोधपत्र शैक्षणिक दबाव, भावनात्मक तनाव और माता-पिता की घटती भागीदारी जैसी आधुनिक शैक्षिक चुनौतियों के समाधान में उनके विचारों की समकालीन प्रासंगिकता का भी पता लगाता है। उनका दर्शन पोषणकारी और बाल-हितैषी शैक्षिक वातावरण बनाने के लिए मूल्यवान मार्गदर्शन प्रदान करता है।

Paper Title:
भारत में संस्थागत बैंकिंग और कृषि विकास: ग्रामीण परिवर्तन को आगे बढ़ाने में भूमिकाएँ और चुनौतियाँ
Author Name:
वंदना चंद्राकार & कमलजीत कौर
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353471
Page No.:
545-551
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भारत में संस्थागत बैंकिंग और कृषि विकास: ग्रामीण परिवर्तन को आगे बढ़ाने में भूमिकाएँ और चुनौतियाँ
Author: वंदना चंद्राकार & कमलजीत कौर

संक्षेपिक
भारत में कृषि विकास संस्थागत बैंकिंग और नीति-संचालित वित्तीय प्रणालियों के विकास से काफी प्रभावित हुआ है। यह अध्ययन कृषि विकास, वित्तीय समावेशन और ग्रामीण परिवर्तन को बढ़ावा देने में बैंकिंग संस्थानों की भूमिका का गुणात्मक विश्लेषण करता है। यह भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक द्वारा निर्देशित संस्थागत ढांचे और राष्ट्रीय कृषि एवं ग्रामीण विकास बैंक के विकासात्मक हस्तक्षेपों के साथ-साथ वाणिज्यिक बैंकों, सहकारी बैंकों और क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंकों के कार्यात्मक योगदान का विश्लेषण करता है। यह शोधपत्र प्राथमिकता क्षेत्र ऋण, ब्याज सब्सिडी और वित्तीय समावेशन पहलों जैसे प्रमुख नीतिगत तंत्रों की पड़ताल करता है और अनौपचारिक स्रोतों पर निर्भरता को कम करने और ऋण प्रवाह को बढ़ाने में उनकी प्रभावशीलता का आकलन करता है।

इसके अलावा, यह अध्ययन किसान क्रेडिट कार्ड, प्रत्यक्ष लाभ हस्तांतरण और डिजिटल बैंकिंग जैसे साधनों के माध्यम से किसानों के सशक्तिकरण में बैंकों की भूमिका पर प्रकाश डालता है और व्यवहारिक एवं सामाजिक-आर्थिक परिवर्तन पर उनके प्रभाव पर बल देता है। यह ग्रामीण अवसंरचना को मजबूत करने, स्वयं सहायता समूहों को बढ़ावा देने और संस्थागत क्षमता निर्माण में शीर्ष संस्थानों के योगदान का भी मूल्यांकन करता है। इन उपलब्धियों को स्वीकार करते हुए, यह शोधपत्र क्षेत्रीय असमानताओं, छोटे और सीमांत किसानों की सीमित पहुंच, संपार्श्विक संबंधी बाधाओं और ऋण वसूली संबंधी मुद्दों सहित लगातार बनी हुई चुनौतियों का आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण करता है। जलवायु परिवर्तनशीलता और वित्तीय स्थिरता जैसे उभरते जोखिमों पर भी चर्चा की गई है। अध्ययन का निष्कर्ष यह है कि यद्यपि बैंकिंग संस्थानों ने भारत में कृषि वित्तपोषण में काफी सुधार किया है, फिर भी दीर्घकालिक स्थिरता और समान ग्रामीण विकास सुनिश्चित करने के लिए अधिक समावेशी, प्रौद्योगिकी संचालित और जोखिम-संवेदनशील दृष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता है।

मुख्य शब्द - कृषि वित्त, वित्तीय समावेशन, ग्रामीण विकास, बैंकिंग संस्थान

Paper Title:
IDENTIFICATION AND REMEDIAL MEASURES OF COMMON SPELLING ERRORS IN PUNJABI AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Author Name:
Kamalpreet Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20355007
Page No.:
552-560
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IDENTIFICATION AND REMEDIAL MEASURES OF COMMON SPELLING ERRORS IN PUNJABI AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Author: Kamalpreet Kaur

ABSTRACT
Language plays a crucial role in human communication, cognitive development, and cultural identity. Among various languages spoken in India, Punjabi holds a significant place, particularly in the state of Punjab where it functions as both a medium of instruction and a cultural symbol. However, students at the elementary level often face difficulties in writing Punjabi correctly due to spelling errors arising from phonetic variation, similarities among characters in the Gurmukhi script, and the increasing dominance of English in education. The present study aimed to identify common spelling errors in Punjabi among elementary school students and to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial teaching in reducing these errors.
The study adopted one group pre‑test post‑test design. A sample of fifty students of Grade VIII from a government elementary school in Mansa district was selected through random sampling. A self‑constructed diagnostic test consisting of sixty Punjabi words was administered to assess spelling ability. After conducting the pre‑test, remedial teaching sessions were organized focusing on major areas of spelling difficulty including phonetic spelling, Naveen group characters, borrowed words, and multiple spellings of the same word.

Statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation, percentage analysis, and t‑test were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that the mean number of spelling errors decreased significantly from the pre‑test to the post‑test. The results indicate that remedial teaching plays a significant role in improving spelling accuracy and writing proficiency among elementary school students. The study highlights the importance of systematic spelling instruction and suggests that teachers should incorporate remedial teaching strategies in language classrooms to strengthen students’ mastery of Punjabi spelling.

Keywords: Punjabi Language, Spelling Errors, Remedial Teaching, Elementary Education, Language Learning

Paper Title:
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH IN INDIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Name:
Meghna Vyas
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20355150
Page No.:
561-573
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SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH IN INDIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Author: Meghna Vyas

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a systematic review of bibliometric studies in the field of social science published between 1999 to 2025, with special attention to research contribution from India. A total of 56 relevant studies were selected from major academic sources such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and publisher websites. The review focuses on important areas of bibliometric research, including publication output, authorship pattern, practices in collaboration, impact of citation, visibility in Open Access, various bibliometric assessment tools and techniques have been applied. Finding revelled social science publications have been raised with the consistency in collaborative research and publication trends. The paper also highlights that to evaluate academic influence and research quality researchers applied indicators such as citation analysis, H-Index, Collaboration index. Overall bibliometric assessment is very essential to understand the trends of research and publication which can also help system to understand decision and policy making.

Keywords
Bibliometric,Social Science Research; Citation Analysis; Research Productivity; Collaboration Patterns; Open Access Publishing; Indian Social Scientists; Scientometrics; Research Visibility; Systematic Literature Review

Paper Title:
RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA IN THE DIGITAL ERA: BRIDGING THE DIVIDE AND CATALYZING CHANGE
Author Name:
Suranjana Talukdar & Nilendu Chatterjee
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20394891
Page No.:
574-582
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RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA IN THE DIGITAL ERA: BRIDGING THE DIVIDE AND CATALYZING CHANGE
Author: Suranjana Talukdar & Nilendu Chatterjee

ABSTRACT
The paradigm of rural development in India is undergoing a seismic shift, propelled by the rapid integration of digital technologies. This research paper explores the multifaceted impact of the digital revolution on rural India, examining how Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), mobile telephony, fintech, and e-governance are reshaping the socio-economic landscape. While the "Digital India" initiative promises to bridge the rural-urban divide, significant challenges persist, including the digital divide, infrastructural deficits, and low digital literacy. This study employs a qualitative review of existing literature, government reports, and case studies to analyze the efficacy of digital interventions in agriculture, healthcare, education, and financial inclusion. The paper argues that while digitalization offers transformative potential for rural empowerment, sustainable development requires a holistic approach that addresses infrastructural gaps, policy coherence, and human capacity building.

Keywords: Rural Development, Digital India, ICT, E-Governance, Financial Inclusion, Digital Divide, Agricultural Technology.

Paper Title:
अज्ञेय जी आधुनिक कवि एवं उनकी कृतियाँ
Author Name:
जगदीप कुमार & डॉ. संदीप कुमार
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20392741
Page No.:
583-588
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अज्ञेय जी आधुनिक कवि एवं उनकी कृतियाँ
Author: जगदीप कुमार & डॉ. संदीप कुमार

सार
श्अज्ञेयश् हिन्दी के बहुचर्चित साहित्यकार हैं। आधुनिक हिन्दी साहित्य को अज्ञेय ने अपनी पद्य एवं गद्य रचनाओं से समृद्ध बनाया है। आप श्प्रयोगवादी कविता के पुरोधा के रूप में जाने जाते हैं। आधुनिक युगीन परिवेश की मांग के अनुरूप अज्ञेय ने रचनाएँ की जीवन अनुभवोँं की यथार्थ अभिव्यक्ति को महत्व देते हुए कथाकार अज्ञेय ने व्यक्ति और साहित्य के संबंधों की पड़ताल की और उन दोनों को एक दूसरे के पूरक के रूप में चित्रित किया है। एक कथाकार के रूप में अज्ञेय ने अपनी कृतियों में युगजीवन के सार्थक प्रतिबिंब को दर्शाने की चेष्टा की है। अज्ञेय कविता, कहानी, उपन्यास, निबंध और आलोचना के क्षेत्र में सक्रिय रहे । पत्रकार, संपादक, यात्रा वृत्तांतकार और स्मृति लेखक के रूप में भी अज्ञेय की उपलब्धियाँ अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण प्रमाणित हुई । अज्ञेय के त्रिशंकु और आत्मनेपद नामक दो निबंध और समीक्षात्मक लेखों के चार संग्रह प्रकाशित हुए । यात्रावृत्तांत को अज्ञेय गरिमा प्रदान की है । संपादक एवं अनुवादक के रूप में भी अज्ञेय ने बहुमुखी प्रतिभा का परिचय दिया । अज्ञेय की भूमिका, वस्तु एवं शिल्प के धरातल पर आधुनिक हिन्दी साहित्य को नया मोड देने में महत्वपूर्ण सिद्ध हुई है । मनोसामाजिक दृष्टि से अज्ञेय के उपन्यासों का समग्र अध्ययन करने और उन के कथा और शिल्प को सही मायने में समझने के लिए अज्ञेय की जीवनी तथा उन के व्यक्तित्व से परिचित होना आवश्यक है ।

मुख्यशब्द रू अज्ञेय ए व्यक्तित्व

Paper Title:
HAPPINESS OF ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR SOCIAL MATURITY
Author Name:
Jasleen Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20393070
Page No.:
589-595
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HAPPINESS OF ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR SOCIAL MATURITY
Author: Jasleen Kaur

ABSTRACT
In the present study the investigator has analysed the relationship between Happiness and Social maturity as a whole and across its various dimensions-Personal adequacy, Interpersonal adequacy and social adequacy of adolescents. Sample for the present study comprised of 5 rural and urban.Govt. Sen. Sec. Schools of Ludhiana district. The method of descriptive research was adopted by the investigator in the present study. The analytical approach was used to study the relationship between happiness and social maturity in adolescents. The results revealed significant positive correlation between Happiness and Social maturity (Total sample) as well as Happiness across various dimensions of social maturity.

Paper Title:
IDENTITY AND CULTURAL RESILIENCE: INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION IN THE INDIAN TELUGU DIASPORA
Author Name:
C Sheela Reddy, Manoja Padyala, Malathi Gottumukkala & Mochi Rajkumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20394467
Page No.:
596-608
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IDENTITY AND CULTURAL RESILIENCE: INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION IN THE INDIAN TELUGU DIASPORA
Author: C Sheela Reddy, Manoja Padyala, Malathi Gottumukkala & Mochi Rajkumar

ABSTRACT
Purpose
The mushrooming growth of the Indian diaspora has generated significant academic interest in understanding how cultural values, traditions and identities are maintained across successive generations within transnational contexts. Although migration exposes diaspora communities to processes of cultural adaptation and assimilation, families remain the primary institutions for preserving cultural heritage and identity. This study aims to investigate the transmission of cultural values across generations within Indian diaspora families and the extent to which such processes contribute to cultural resilience. Specifically, the study seeks to understand: (1) the dynamics of intergenerational cultural transmission within the Indian diaspora family system, and (2) the development of a conceptual framework explaining the role of family cohesion, kinship networks and transnational cultural practices in sustaining cultural resilience and identity continuity.

Research Design
The study adopts an exploratory research design. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives from diaspora studies, cultural identity theory, family systems theory and transnationalism, the paper analyses the mechanisms by which cultural values, traditions and kinship responsibilities are reproduced across generations in migrant families. The analysis is based on primary data collected through 15–20 in-depth personal interviews with Telugu-speaking diaspora members selected through convenience sampling.

Expected Outcomes
The exploratory analysis is expected to highlight how intentional parental socialisation, sustained family-level cultural practices and continued engagement with extended kinship networks facilitate intergenerational cultural transmission. The study further anticipates that family cohesion, transnational communication and participation in cultural traditions serve as important mechanisms that strengthen cultural resilience and sustain identity continuity among diaspora communities.

Originality
By integrating theoretical insights with exploratory qualitative evidence, the study proposes a conceptual framework that links intergenerational cultural transmission to cultural resilience in transnational diaspora contexts. The paper contributes to the evolving discourse on diaspora identity formation and underscores the importance of family-based cultural practices in preserving cultural heritage across generations in an increasingly globalised world.

Keywords
Intergenerational Cultural Transmission, Cultural Resilience, Transnational Families, Diaspora Identity, Cultural Continuity

Paper Title:
THE SUSTAINABLE WORKPLACE: USING THE SOSUCOMPASS TO DRIVE SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Author Name:
Mishel Elizabeth Jacob, John K Babu & Manoj Narayanan K S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20409633
Page No.:
609-615
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THE SUSTAINABLE WORKPLACE: USING THE SOSUCOMPASS TO DRIVE SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Author: Mishel Elizabeth Jacob, John K Babu & Manoj Narayanan K S

ABSTRACT
Traditional sustainability models in business have disproportionately focused on economic and environmental metrics, often leaving social sustainability on the periphery of corporate strategy. However, global disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated that long-term organisational resilience relies heavily on the internal social fabric and relational strength of the workplace. This paper attempts to link urban planning literature and organisational management by operationalising the SoSuCompass (Social Sustainability Compass)—a diagnostic framework originally designed to evaluate urban human settlements—within Human Resource Management (HRM). The article explains the four interdependent pillars of the SoSuCompass: Equity, Well-being, Participation, and Social Capital. It details how modern HR functions can transition from standard personnel administration to strategic "workplace architects" by embedding these principles directly into job design, governance, and organisational networks. Additionally, a data-driven monitoring framework utilising advanced metrics is proposed to track social outcomes. The paper demonstrates that the pillars form a self-reinforcing, synergistic system where actions like democratizing governance directly boost internal trust and employee well-being. Ultimately, the study concludes that by treating the workplace as a complex social ecosystem, HRM serves as the primary driver of organisational social sustainability, transforming the firm from a transactional space into a highly resilient community optimised for long-term viability.

Keywords: Social Sustainability, SoSuCompass, Human Resource Management, Organisational Resilience, Workplace Governance, Social Capital.

Paper Title:
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING AND MENTAL HEALTH: EMOTION ENRICHMENT THROUGH YOGA
Author Name:
Vilas Nemichand Jain & Ashok Yadav
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20411985
Page No.:
616-621
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PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING AND MENTAL HEALTH: EMOTION ENRICHMENT THROUGH YOGA
Author: Vilas Nemichand Jain & Ashok Yadav

ABSTRACT
The goal of this research is to evaluate the findings of chosen studies on yoga’s therapeutic effects and to provide a full overview of the benefits of regular yoga practice. As the popularity of mind-body fitness programmes like yoga grows, it’s critical for health care practitioners to understand the nature of yoga and the evidence for its numerous therapeutic impacts. As a result, this paper contains information on yoga’s therapeutic effects as they have been examined on selected population for different conditions. The random sampling method was used in this study. Total sample consisted 60 of women who practice yoga and women who do not. The sample was selected from Bhavnagar District. To find research studies that inspected the restorative impacts of yoga, data sets were obtained through a questionnaire of Mental Health constructed and standardized by Dr. Jagdish & Dr. A. K. Shrivastava and questionnaire of psychological well-being constructed and standardized by Sudha Bhogle. The result revealed to there is significant difference between mental health of women who practice yoga and women who do not. Second is there is significant difference between psychological well-being of women who practice yoga and women who do not. Therapeutic yoga is defined as the use of yoga postures and practices to cure health concerns, as well as instruction in yogic practices and teachings to prevent or alleviate structural, physiological, emotional, and spiritual pain, suffering, or limitations. According to the findings, yogic practices improve muscular strength and body flexibility, promote and improve respiratory and cardiovascular function, aid in addiction recovery and treatment, reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, improve sleep patterns, and improve overall well-being and quality of life.

Keywords: Psychological Well Being, Mental Health, Depression, Quality of Life, Therapeutic Yoga

Paper Title:
IMPACT OF MEDITATION ON MENTAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES IN MUMBAI CITY
Author Name:
Bhavana Nandkumar Patil & Ashok Yadav
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20412094
Page No.:
622-636
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IMPACT OF MEDITATION ON MENTAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES IN MUMBAI CITY
Author: Bhavana Nandkumar Patil & Ashok Yadav

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the influence of meditation practices on the mental health and productivity of employees in Mumbai, India. In a rapidly evolving and highly competitive work environment, employees often face increased stress, anxiety, and decreased productivity. The research aims to understand whether incorporating meditation into the daily routine of employees can mitigate these challenges. By shedding light on the interplay between meditation, mental health, and productivity, this study aims to contribute to the well-being and effectiveness of the workforce in Mumbai. In doing so, it aspires to offer valuable guidance to employers and organizations looking to foster healthier work environments and to enhance the lives of their employees in this bustling metropolis. The findings of this research highlight the benefits of meditation for employees in Mumbai, as it not only enhances their mental health but also positively influences their productivity. Employers and organizations in Mumbai can consider implementing meditation programs to promote a healthier work environment and boost employee productivity. This study contributes to the growing body of research on the intersection of well-being and work performance, shedding light on the potential of meditation as a tool for achieving these dual objectives.

Key Words: Meditation, Mental Health, Productivity, self-awareness and Employees.

Paper Title:
EXPLORING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN GST COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOUR IN INDIA: AN EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS APPROACH
Author Name:
Shweta & Manju Mittal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20438820
Page No.:
637-651
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EXPLORING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN GST COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOUR IN INDIA: AN EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS APPROACH
Author: Shweta & Manju Mittal

ABSTRACT
This paper explores the major issues and challenges affecting compliance behaviour of GST in India through exploratory factor analysis. Primary data were gathered among taxpayers, and statistical methods were used to determine the underlying dimensions influencing compliance. The findings indicate that six important factors exist which are: IT Readiness of Authorities, Manpower and Training, Transition Time, Support in Awareness and Registration, Support in Filling Returns, and Support in Claiming Refunds. Among these, the readiness of IT was found to be the most significant factor, and therefore the critical role of technological infrastructure as a facilitator of compliance. The results have shown that the technological efficiency and administrative support have a significant influence in shaping the behaviour of taxpayers under the GST regime. The study is also relevant to the existing literature by offering a multidimensional framework of the understanding of the problem of the GST compliance in the developing economy. The information gained can help the policy-makers to make the system more efficient, the taxpayers more supportive and the voluntary compliance in the GST system in India more effective.

Paper Title:
BALANCING PERSONAL LIBERTY AND FAIR INVESTIGATION IN BAIL JURISPRUDENCE
Author Name:
Monika Lamba & Cheena Abrol
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20439040
Page No.:
652-658
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BALANCING PERSONAL LIBERTY AND FAIR INVESTIGATION IN BAIL JURISPRUDENCE
Author: Monika Lamba & Cheena Abrol

Hon'ble Supreme Court has defined bail as "a surety inclusive of a personal bond from the accused. It means the release of an accused person either by the orders of the Court or by the police or by the Investigating Agency."

“The issue of bail is one of liberty, justice, public safety and burden of the public treasury, all of which insist that a developed jurisprudence of bail is integral to a socially sensitized judicial process”. Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer

"No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by Law".- Article 21 of The Constitution of India.

Paper Title:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Author Name:
Venkatadhri Reddy Perumal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20485179
Page No.:
659-666
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Author: Venkatadhri Reddy Perumal

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in modern organizations, significantly influencing human resource management practices, particularly training and development. Traditional training approaches often face challenges such as limited personalization, high costs, and difficulties in measuring learning outcomes. AI-driven technologies offer innovative solutions by enabling personalized learning experiences, real-time feedback, predictive analytics, intelligent content delivery, and continuous skill development. The integration of AI into training and development not only enhances employee learning effectiveness but also contributes to improved organizational performance through increased productivity, innovation, employee engagement, and competitive advantage. This article explores the role of AI in training and development, its applications, benefits, challenges, and implications for organizational performance.

Keywords: Personalized learning experiences, real-time feedback, predictive analytics, intelligent content delivery and skill development

Paper Title:
AI-DRIVEN SOCIETY: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SOCIAL GOOD
Author Name:
Meenu Gupta
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20503295
Page No.:
666-674
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AI-DRIVEN SOCIETY: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SOCIAL GOOD
Author: Meenu Gupta

1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid advancement and widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of human life have evoked both excitement and apprehension among users (Li et al., 2022). On one hand, AI holds the promise to improve efficiency, uncover novel insights, and facilitate more informed decision-making (Sanderson et al., 2023). On the other hand, its deployment raises significant concerns regarding social justice, equity, and the well-being of all individuals within society (Crivellaro & Dix, 2021). A growing body of research has delved deep into the complex relationship between AI and social justice, showcasing how the technology can both uphold and contest existing power hierarchies based on social differences such as race, gender, nationality, and socioeconomic status (AI Now Institute, 2023). The scholarly community have empirically establish that the embedded biases and structural inequalities within the algorithms and data can underpin AI systems, resulting into discriminatory outcomes that may have adverse impact on the interest of marginalized communities (Hajian et al., 2016; Mills & Whittaker, 2019).
Concurrently, the potential of AI to improve transparency, accountability, and evidence-driven policymaking has also been recognized as valuable tool for addressing the existing social injustice present in the society (Min, 2023 ; Savaşan, n.d.). The challenge lies in striking a careful balance, one that harnesses the benefits of AI while minimising its risks and unforeseen consequences. Several case studies have showcased the convergence of data bias and discrimination in AI. In the realm of employment, AI-driven recruitment practices have been shown to amplify gender and racial biases, disadvantaging women and minorities during the recruitment process (Avery et al., 2023; Yarger et al., 2019). In the same vein, within the criminal justice system, predictive policing algorithms have been criticized for elevating the existing racial disparities, resulting into the over-surveillance of different communities (Purves, 2022; Richardson et al., 2019). The healthcare sector is also struggling with the growing issues of biased AI models, leading to adverse impact on underserved communities (Samorani & Blount, 2020 ; Ibrahim et al., 2020).These instances highlights the need for adopting a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder approach for addressing the challenges arising due to widespread adoption of AI in different domains. Technical solutions alone are not sufficient to address these issues rather a holistic approach must be adopted which incorporate elements of data governance, algorithmic accountability, and substantive community engagement (Aizenberg & Hoven, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2023; Leavy et al., 2020; Aizenberg & Hoven, 2020). As AI continues to evolve and permeate various aspects of society, it is imperative that we proactively understand and tackle with these complex issues. Fostering a deeper understanding of the relationship between AI and social justice, and developing effective strategies to leverage the benefits of the evolving technology while alleviating its risks, will be the key factor in shaping a more equitable and inclusive future for the coming generation (Burgess & Owen, 2004; Aizenberg & Hoven, 2020; Crivellaro & Dix, 2021).
The objective of the current study is to have a deep dive into the academic landscape of AI and explore the multifaceted relationship between AI and social justice, examining both the potential benefits and the inherent risks.

Paper Title:
ELECTORAL DYNAMICS IN PUNJAB: A STUDY OF 2024 BY-ELECTIONS IN PUNJAB
Author Name:
Baljit Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20506991
Page No.:
675-688
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ELECTORAL DYNAMICS IN PUNJAB: A STUDY OF 2024 BY-ELECTIONS IN PUNJAB
Author: Baljit Singh

India is the world’s largest democracy. It is founded on the principles of free and fair elections, constitutional governance, public participation, and the rule of law. Elections are thus, the means through which political power changes hands in the country. In this context, by-elections are also important in a democratic polity like India. They reflect the political stresses and strains within the system. They also indicate changes in party alignments and political fortunes. The main objective of by-elections is to fill vacant seats in time and ensure representation of the concerned constituency in the legislature. By-elections are held when a seat becomes vacant due to the death, resignation, disqualification, or expulsion of a sitting member. In Indian constitution, Section 151A of the Representation of the People Act 1951 mandates the Election Commission to fill the casual vacancies in the houses of Parliament and State legislatures through by- elections within six months from the date of occurrence of the vacancy, provided that the remainder of the term of a member is one year or more. It is pertinent to mention here that there is no need to hold by- elections if the remaining term of the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha is less than one year from the date of occurrence of vacancies.

What is more, by-elections are often served as litmus test for political parties and their popularity. They provide an opportunity for parties to gauge public sentiment and assess their support base. By-election outcomes can affect the majority of the ruling government. If the party loses a significant number of by-poll seats, it may lead to a loss of majority in the legislative body, which can impact the government`s stability and decision making. Moreover, by-elections provide an avenue for political parties to test their electoral strategies and finetune their campaign AAProaches. Parties may experiment with candidate selection, campaign themes, and messaging during by-polls, which can influence their strategies in subsequent elections.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON SHIFT TOWARDS FAST-FOOD ITEMS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE IN EACHANARI OF COIMBATORE SOUTH ZONE
Author Name:
Shameera Banu, Devakumari & M.Gowthami
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20509096
Page No.:
689-695
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A STUDY ON SHIFT TOWARDS FAST-FOOD ITEMS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE IN EACHANARI OF COIMBATORE SOUTH ZONE
Author: Shameera Banu, Devakumari & M.Gowthami

ABSTRACT
The food consumption pattern of consumers has changed significantly due to rapid urbanization, changing lifestyles, and increasing time constraints. Fast-food items have become increasingly popular, especially in urban areas, as they offer convenience, variety, and quick service. The present study aims to examine the shift towards fast-food consumption with special reference to Coimbatore South Zone. The study focuses on understanding consumer preferences, frequency of consumption, and the factors influencing the growing demand for fast food. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 50 respondents, and secondary data were gathered from journals, articles, and online sources. Simple percentage analysis was used for data interpretation. The findings reveal that young consumers and working professionals are the major contributors to fast-food consumption, with taste, convenience, and time-saving being the key influencing factors. Although most consumers are aware of the health risks associated with fast food, they continue to consume it due to lifestyle pressures. The study concludes that there is a significant shift towards fast-food items in the study area, highlighting the need for healthier food alternatives and increased awareness about balanced eating habits.

Key Words: Fast food, Consumer behavior, Lifestyle change, Food preferences, Shift.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON SERVICE QUALITY TOWARDS PRIVATE HOSPITALS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY
Author Name:
Sherin Mercy.S, Navitha.P & Chitra. B
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20509235
Page No.:
696-702
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A STUDY ON SERVICE QUALITY TOWARDS PRIVATE HOSPITALS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY
Author: Sherin Mercy.S, Navitha.P & Chitra. B

ABSTRACT
Service quality has become a critical factor in the healthcare sector, particularly in private hospitals where patient expectations are continuously increasing. The present study aims to examine the level of service quality provided by private hospitals in Coimbatore city and to assess patients’ perceptions and satisfaction towards the services offered. With the rapid expansion of private healthcare facilities, understanding service quality dimensions has become essential for delivering effective and patient Center care. This study primarily focuses on identifying the key determinants of service quality and evaluating their impact on patient satisfaction. The findings of the study reveal that service quality dimensions such as responsiveness of staff, assurance provided by medical professionals, and empathy towards patients play a significant role in influencing patient satisfaction. While private hospitals in Coimbatore generally provide satisfactory services, certain areas such as waiting time, communication, and personalized care require improvement. The study suggests that continuous monitoring and improvement of service quality will help private hospitals enhance patient satisfaction, build trust, and maintain a competitive advantage. The results of this study will be useful for hospital administrators, healthcare professionals, and policymakers in improving the overall quality of healthcare services.

Keywords:
Service Quality, Patient Satisfaction, Private Hospitals, Healthcare Service, SERVQUAL Model.

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