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Archives Volume-11, Issue-1, January-June 2026

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
SURVEILLANCE CAPITALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author Name:
Deepa S V
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18195756
Page No.:
1-9
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SURVEILLANCE CAPITALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author: Deepa S V

ABSTRACT
This article explores the phenomenon of surveillance capitalism through a critical sociological lens, focusing specifically on its profound and often subtle impacts on human social relationships and digital rights. Coined by Shoshana Zuboff, surveillance capitalism is conceptualized as a new economic order where the extraction of human experience as raw material for behavioural data (or "surplus value") is monetized through prediction products sold on behavioural futures markets. Drawing on critical theory, particularly the Frankfurt School's analysis of the culture industry and Foucault's concept of the Panopticon, this study analyses how the ubiquitous nature of digital
monitoring restructures social interactions, fostering a climate of calculated visibility and perpetual performance. The investigation reveals a dual effect: while digital platforms facilitate expansive social networks, the underlying mechanisms of surveillance erode authentic connection by incentivizing conformity, diminishing privacy boundaries, and weaponizing personal information in social contexts. The article argues that the commodification of the self leads to a "datafied alienation," replacing
autonomous sociality with algorithmically-mediated interaction. Furthermore, it examines the consequent erosion of digital rights, positing that the current paradigm necessitates urgent policy interventions and a robust reassertion of human autonomy against the logic of extraction. The final section proposes concrete sociological and legal suggestions to mitigate the deleterious effects of surveillance capitalism on the social fabric.

Keywords: Surveillance Capitalism, Social Relationships, Digital Rights, Datafied Alienation, Sociological Frameworks, Privacy Erosion.

Paper Title:
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KAKCHING AND CHANDEL DISTRICTS OF MANIPUR
Author Name:
Asha Elizabeth Chhetri
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18253138
Page No.:
10-20
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PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KAKCHING AND CHANDEL DISTRICTS OF MANIPUR
Author: Asha Elizabeth Chhetri

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the impact of parental involvement on the academic achievement of secondary school students in the contrasting districts of Kakching and Chandel in Manipur, India. Employing a descriptive correlational design, the study sampled 400 Class XI students (200 from each district) selected through multistage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Parental Involvement Scale (TPIS) and students' annual examination scores. Analysis using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests, Chi-Square tests, multiple regression, and Spearman's correlation revealed several key findings. Students in Kakching district reported significantly higher levels of parental involvement than those in Chandel (Mean Rank = 216.63 vs. 184.37, p = .005). However, the two districts had no significant difference in academic achievement levels (χ² = 2.046, p = .359). Moreover, the correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement was nonsignificant in both Chandel (ρ = –.045) and Kakching (ρ = +0.068). A regression analysis identified school type (β = -.362) and location (β = .333) as the only significant predictors of academic achievement. At the same time, parental involvement and other demographic factors were insignificant. These results challenge the universally positive association found in Western literature, suggesting that in Manipur's unique socio-cultural and economic context, structural factors like school quality and geographical location overshadow the influence of parental engagement on academic outcomes. The findings underscore the need for context-specific, culturally responsive educational policies and interventions.

Keywords: Parental Involvement, Academic Achievement, Secondary School Students, Manipur, Kakching, Chandel.

Paper Title:
ECOSPIRITUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: SWAMI VIVEKANANDA’S VISION IN THE POST-COVID ERA
Author Name:
Tawinder Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18502238
Page No.:
21-24
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ECOSPIRITUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: SWAMI VIVEKANANDA’S VISION IN THE POST-COVID ERA
Author: Tawinder Kaur

ABSTRACT
The concept of Ecospirituality blends ecological awareness with spiritual growth, emphasizing harmony between humans, nature, and the cosmos. Swami Vivekananda, one of the most influential spiritual leaders of modern India, offered profound insights into humanity’s relationship with nature and the environment. His vision of sustainability was deeply rooted in the principles of Vedanta, where material progress is balanced by spiritual growth and ecological responsibility. This paper tried to explore Swami Vivekananda's thoughts on ecological harmony, sustainability, and human-nature
interaction, and assesses their relevance in the post-COVID era. Given the global environmental crises and the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Swami Vivekananda's ecospiritual philosophy presents a holistic path for achieving long-term sustainability and spiritual growth.

Keywords: Ecospirituality, Swami Vivekanand, Post-COVID Era, Sustainability

Paper Title:
SUICIDAL TENDENCY AMONG THE ADOLESCENTS IN RAJASTHAN: NEED FOR IMPERATIVE
Author Name:
Karunesh Saxena, Hanuman Prasad & Manoj Kumawat
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18546623
Page No.:
25-36
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SUICIDAL TENDENCY AMONG THE ADOLESCENTS IN RAJASTHAN: NEED FOR IMPERATIVE
Author: Karunesh Saxena, Hanuman Prasad & Manoj Kumawat

ABSTRACT:
Adolescent suicide is a significant public health problem across the world. Adolescents are by nature a vulnerable group for mental health problems. In India, the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) statistics showed a consistent, concerning rise in suicide rates from 9.9 per lakh population in 2017 to 12.4 per lakh population in 2022. For the perspective of public mental health, suicide among youth is a main issue to address. Therefore we need good insight in the risk factors contributing to suicidal behaviour in younge people. According to the NCRB report-2022, the main reasons for suicidal
ideation among adolescents are family problems, failure in examination, love affairs, and illness. Further unraveling and knowledge of the complex interplay of these factors is highly relevant with regard to the development of effective prevention strategy plans for youth suicide.

Keywords: Adolescent, suicide, stress, isolation, Suicide prevention.

Paper Title:
CONGESTION IN THE CURRICULUM: CAUSES AND THE IMPACTS ON STUDENTS
Author Name:
Ronjita Roy
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18708010
Page No.:
37-39
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CONGESTION IN THE CURRICULUM: CAUSES AND THE IMPACTS ON STUDENTS
Author: Ronjita Roy

ABSTRACT:
Rapid societal and technological advancements have led to new topics being added to the curriculum without updating or removing outdated content, resulting in high levels of physical and mental stress for students. Due to this overcrowded curriculum, students often only memorize key points rather than achieving a deeper understanding of the subject matter.Overload creates a mismatch between capacity and load. Due to excessive content, projects and extra curricular activities, the curriculum is becoming
increasingly congested. Consequently, some students study merely to pass, while others focus only on key points to secure high marks.

Key words : Curriculum congestion, academic burnout, limited time frame, conventional pedagogical approach, curriculum modification.

Paper Title:
SWADESHI TO ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: CONTINUITY OF DEENDAYAL UPADHYAYA’S ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY
Author Name:
Harish .K. Thakur & Raman Kaith
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18708424
Page No.:
40-46
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SWADESHI TO ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: CONTINUITY OF DEENDAYAL UPADHYAYA’S ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY
Author: Harish .K. Thakur & Raman Kaith

ABSTRACT
Swadeshi has remained a persistent and evolving idea in Indian economic and political thought, symbolising self-reliance, ethical production, and cultural autonomy. Although it was created as an anti-colonial tool in the struggle against the freedom, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya developed its philosophical dimension in an even deeper way using the doctrine of Integral Humanism. This paper examines Atmanirbhar Bharat as a contemporary reinterpretation of Swadeshi through the philosophical framework of Deendayal Upadhyaya‟s Integral Humanism. Through the examination of the economic philosophy of Upadhyaya and the impact it has had on post-2014 policy programs such
as Make in India, Skill India, Digital India, Startup India and Atmanirbhar Bharat, the study posits that modern self-reliance rhetoric is extensively informed by the philosophy of Integral Humanism. However, the paper also critically evaluates the gaps between ideological intent and policy outcomes, highlighting structural challenges and contradictions. The paper concludes that Swadeshi as envisioned by Upadhyaya can still be useful as a holistic and ethical alternative to Western capitalist and socialist approaches, it moves beyond symbolic nationalism toward inclusive and decentralised
development.

Keywords: Swadeshi, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Integral Humanism, Deendayal Upadhyaya, Economic Self-Reliance, Antyodaya.

Paper Title:
GENDER-CASTE NEXUS IN WORK AND EMPOWERMENT: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Author Name:
Kumari Monika & Niranjna Bhandari
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18708648
Page No.:
47-55
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GENDER-CASTE NEXUS IN WORK AND EMPOWERMENT: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Author: Kumari Monika & Niranjna Bhandari

ABSTRACT
The interplay of gender and caste significantly shapes patterns of work participation and empowerment among Scheduled Caste women. The paper explores the interrelationship between caste and gender, along with regional disparities and structural barriers that restrict the economic progress and work participation of scheduled caste women. It examines how deep-rooted societal hierarchies
and unequal power dynamics still restrict their access to decision-making, productive resources, participation in economic activities and employment. Descriptive statistical tools were employed to calculate work participation rates, gender-based disparities, and district-wise variations. Tables, percentages, and comparative analysis were used to interpret the data effectively. Using the intersectionality paradigm as a guide, the paper describes how caste and gender work together to produce a variety of layered kinds of economic difficulty. The paper concludes that district-level gender disparities are deeply shaped by regional inequalities and caste-based patriarchal structures. It
further emphasizes that higher female participation in certain tribal areas often stems from economic necessity rather than genuine empowerment. It further argues that acknowledging and strengthening the economic role of SC women in Himachal Pradesh is essential for overall development. The findings are intended to inform policymakers who genuinely address the unique challenges of SC women, enabling them to assert economic agency and contribute meaningfully to local, regional and national economies.

Keywords: Caste Discrimination, Empowerment, Gender-Caste Nexus, SC Women, Social Exclusion, Sociology

Paper Title:
SYNTHETIC THREATS: HOW AI AND DEEPFAKES UNDERMINE THE 2024 US ELECTORAL PROCESS
Author Name:
Shubham Bhatia & Vikram Kaushik
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18709081
Page No.:
56-66
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SYNTHETIC THREATS: HOW AI AND DEEPFAKES UNDERMINE THE 2024 US ELECTORAL PROCESS
Author: Shubham Bhatia & Vikram Kaushik

ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly changed the political discourse where deepfakes are used as an emerging tool for misinformation. The synthetic media technology used in the U.S. Presidential Election 2024, disrupt democratic processes and AI-generated fabricate videos of prominent political candidates presented in compromising scenarios. The study aims to quantify the extent to which synthetic media undermines the foundational principles of free and fair elections by analyzing various
cases in the U.S. Presidential Election. The study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of deepfake instances in a comprehensive dataset of 55 deepfake cases. The Deepfake Impact Scale and Chi-Square Test reveal that deepfakes, particularly hose with deceptive intent, significantly endanger voter behavior, trust, and electoral integrity. With 35 instances classified as high impact scoring 5 or above on a 0-9 scale the findings affirm that synthetic media can no longer be dismissed as a peripheral concern. From the Biden robocall‟s voter
suppression to the Harris hit-and-run‟s reputational assault, these cases demonstrate AI‟s power to manipulate perceptions and destabilize democratic foundations, a risk amplified by platforms like X, which hosted 63% of the dataset. The outcomes for the future are unknown when technology will collaborate with politics in the race to sway the voters, but one can always take a shot at risk assessment and devising a strategy to brace for impact.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes, Misinformation, Disinformation, US Elections,
Synthetic Media, Voter perception

Paper Title:
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND SPIRITUAL HUMANISM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM
Author Name:
Anagha Arun Padhye
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18738495
Page No.:
67-73
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ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND SPIRITUAL HUMANISM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM
Author: Anagha Arun Padhye

ABSTRACT:
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s philosophy represents a distinctive synthesis of ethical leadership and spiritual humanism, rooted in integrity, responsibility, and unwavering commitment to national development. Widely recognized as a scientist, statesman, and visionary thinker, he articulated a leadership model that transcended conventional administrative frameworks. Rather than viewing leadership as authority or positional power, he framed it as a moral responsibility anchored in character and service. This study adopts a conceptual and interpretative approach, drawing upon secondary sources including his
books, public speeches, and scholarly analyses. Through systematic thematic examination, it explores how Kalam consistently emphasized ethical conviction, accountability, and nation-first commitment as foundational pillars of effective leadership. The paper further highlights Kalam’s unique integration of scientific rationality with spiritual awareness, arguing that he rejected the false dichotomy between technological progress and moral responsibility. By asserting that innovation must serve humanity, he positioned ethics at the center of national advancement. His ideas are examined in comparison with contemporary leadership frameworks such as transformational and servant leadership, revealing both conceptual alignment and
distinctive spiritual depth. The study concludes that Kalam’s philosophy offers a practical and enduring framework for governance, management education, and nation-building, particularly in an era characterized by ethical crises and institutional distrust.

Keywords: Ethical Leadership, Spiritual Humanism, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Leadership, NationBuilding Philosophy

Paper Title:
LAND REVENUE SYSTEMS IN COLONIAL INDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON PEASANTS
Author Name:
Tanya Goyal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18753333
Page No.:
74-82
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LAND REVENUE SYSTEMS IN COLONIAL INDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON PEASANTS
Author: Tanya Goyal

ABSTRACT
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the land revenue systems introduced by the British and their impact on peasants. All the three systems, Zamindari, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari, were devised with the sole aim of maximizing the Company‟s revenue and they proved to be disastrous for the peasants. Cultivators lost their customary rights and got converted into landless laborers. The rise of absentee landlords, money lenders, etc. led to the sub-feudalization of the Indian economy. The land became a commodity for the first time in the history of India. Payment of taxes in cash led to the commercialization of agriculture and the production of food grains declined thus causing frequent famines. Moreover, no investment was made in the agriculture sector.

Paper Title:
कृषि उत्पादन में वृद्धि का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
Author Name:
कल्याणी & संगीता मैहूरिया
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18810938
Page No.:
83-89
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कृषि उत्पादन में वृद्धि का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
Author: कल्याणी & संगीता मैहूरिया

कृषि समस्त उद्योगो की जननी है मानव जीवन की पोषक प्रगति का सूचक तथा समानता की प्रतीक समझी जाती है तीव्र आर्थिक विकास की ओर अग्रसर विश्व के समस्त विकसित एंव विकासशील देश अपने उपलब्घ संसाधनांे का अपनी परिस्थितियो एंव क्षमताओं के अनु़़रूप यथा संभव अनुकूलतम उपयोग कर कृषि विकास हेतु अग्रसर है भारत कृषि प्रधान अर्थव्यवस्था वाला देश होने के कारण कृषि राष्टीय आय का प्रमुख स्त्रोत है जीविको पार्जन का साधन है एवं औद्योगिक विकास वाणिज्य एंव व्यापार का आधार है कृषि भारतीय अर्थव्यवसथा की री़ढ़ है महात्मा गाधी ने कहा था भारत का विकास करना है तो कृषि व गॉवांे का विकास करना होगा।

भारत एक जनाधिक्य वाला देश है एव लगभग 70ः जनसख्या कृषि पर आधरित है अतः भारत के समग्र विकास के लिए आवश्यक है कि कृषि विकास पर समुचित ध्यान दिया जाये। स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात् पंचवर्षीय योजनाओं के माध्यम से योजनाबद्ध विकास किया गया हरित क्रांति के माध्यम वैज्ञानिक कृषि बहुफसलीय र्कायक्रम उन्नत बीजो का प्रयोग सिंचाई के साधनो का विस्तार कीटनाशकों का प्रयोग एवं कृषि हेतु किसानो को पर्याप्त संसाधन उपलब्ध कराकर कृषि को मजबूती प्रदान किया गया है फसल बीमा योजना का लाभ किसानों की मुहैया कराया गया एवं ग्रामीण क्षेत्रो मे कृषि आधारित लघु व मध्यम आकार के उद्योग का विस्तार किया गया स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात् अनेकों योजनाओ के माध्यम से कृषि विकास का कार्य किया गया भारत जैसे विशाल जनाधिक्य वाले देश मे खाद्यान्न की पूर्ति के लिए कृषि क्षेत्र का समृद्ध होना आवश्यक है।

Paper Title:
MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG THE DIMASA KACHARI PEOPLE OF LANGTING AREA OF DIMA HASAO DISTRICT, ASSAM
Author Name:
Hridayananda Das & Ribina Thaosen
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18898552
Page No.:
90-96
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MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG THE DIMASA KACHARI PEOPLE OF LANGTING AREA OF DIMA HASAO DISTRICT, ASSAM
Author: Hridayananda Das & Ribina Thaosen

ABSTRACT
Mortality in North east India is marked by a declining graph but it has still high neonatal mortality rate (21 per 1000) live births). So far as Infant mortality in North Eastern states is concern significant spatial disparities exist and states such as Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura acting as a hotspot in infant deaths. The neonatal mortality rate in the North Eastern states declined from 45 to 21 per 1000 births (NFHS-1 to NFHS 5) but remains higher than the national average. Assam reported the highest mortality (42.16%) while Sikkim has the lowest (0.87%). Higher mortality was observed among male infants, mothers with advanced age, low maternal education and mothers who attended less than 5 antenatal care (ANC) visit. High infant mortality in the region indicates the existence of adverse socioeconomic and environmental condition during birth. Government of Assam has launched several health and welfare related schemes to reduce mortality rate in Assam. Some of them are Janani Suraksha Yojana (JYJ), Mamoni and Mamata which were launched in 2005, 2009 and 2010. These schemes can be termed partiality successful because the people of Assam from remote area avoidinstitutional delivery and prefer local midwives. The study was carried out among the population of Langting area and 112 households were interviewed for the collection of data on mortality and morbidity patterns. Dima Hasao district, earlier called North Cachar Hills district, is an administrative district in the state of Assam, India. As of 2011, it is the least populous district of Assam. Dima Hasao district is one of the two Autonomous hill districts of the state Assam. This paper focuses on the pattern of mortality and morbidity among the population of Dimasa Kachari of Langting area of Dima Hasao district of Assam.

Keywords: Mortality, Morbidity, Health, Disease

Paper Title:
AN ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION OF AGRICULTURAL LABORERS IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Sreenivasaiah .K.N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049074
Page No.:
97-103
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AN ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION OF AGRICULTURAL LABORERS IN KARNATAKA
Author: Sreenivasaiah .K.N

ABSTRACT:
Migration is a major option for agricultural labours for their well-being in urban areas.
Majority of the agricultural labourers migrate from rural areas for the purpose of business, employment, education etc. The force which motivates the labourers to migrate to urban areas has been the economic suffering they face in their native places due to unemployment, low wages at the origin, poverty, agricultural failure, large family size, underemployment, and natural disasters. The study shows that the reasons for migration of agricultural labour in Karnataka have been poverty related ones. The study also talked about the effects of agricultural labour migration in Karnataka. The migration of agricultural labour results in serious problems as the sector is unorganized, faces exploitation and malpractices. The paper is depended on secondary sources of information gathered from different publications.

Keywords: Migration, Agricultural Labour, Resources, Employment, Poverty, Karnataka.

Paper Title:
THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: REDEFINING WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY THROUGH MENSTRUAL LEAVE IN INDIA
Author Name:
Deepa S V, Savitha B C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049637
Page No.:
104-109
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THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: REDEFINING WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY THROUGH MENSTRUAL LEAVE IN INDIA
Author: Deepa S V, Savitha B C

ABSTRACT:
Menstrual health has increasingly become an important concern in discussions on gender equality and workplace inclusivity. Country like India, where a significant proportion of the workforce consists of women, lack of institutional recognition of menstrual health often affects productivity, well-being, and workplace participation. The concept of menstrual leave has emerged as a progressive policy initiative aimed at acknowledging the physical and psychological challenges experienced by menstruating employees. This paper examines the idea of menstrual leave as a tool for redefining workplace efficiency and promoting a more inclusive work culture in India. The study explores the relationship between menstrual health, employee well-being, and productivity by analysing existing workplace policies, emerging debates, and global practices related to menstrual leave. It argues that recognizing menstrual health needs can contribute to improved employee satisfaction, reduced absenteeism, and enhanced long-term productivity. At the same time, the paper critically evaluates concerns that menstrual leave policies may reinforce gender stereotypes or lead to discrimination in hiring and promotion practices. Using a sociological perspective, the paper situates menstrual leave within broader discussions of gender justice, labour rights, and workplace equity. It highlights how supportive workplace policies can challenge menstrual stigma and foster a culture of empathy and inclusivity. The study concludes that menstrual leave, when implemented effectively and accompanied by awareness and supportive organizational practices, has the potential to redefine workplace efficiency by prioritizing employee health and dignity. Such policies can contribute not only to gender-sensitive workplaces but also to sustainable organizational productivity in contemporary India.

Key words: Efficiency, gender justice, workplace inclusivity, menstrual health and
wellbeing etc.

Paper Title:
THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: REDEFINING WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY THROUGH MENSTRUAL LEAVE IN INDIA
Author Name:
Deepa S V, Savitha B C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049637
Page No.:
104-109
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THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: REDEFINING WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY THROUGH MENSTRUAL LEAVE IN INDIA
Author: Deepa S V, Savitha B C

ABSTRACT:
Menstrual health has increasingly become an important concern in discussions on gender equality and workplace inclusivity. Country like India, where a significant proportion of the workforce consists of women, lack of institutional recognition of menstrual health often affects productivity, well-being, and workplace participation. The concept of menstrual leave has emerged as a progressive policy initiative aimed at acknowledging the physical and psychological challenges experienced by menstruating employees. This paper examines the idea of menstrual leave as a tool for redefining workplace efficiency and promoting a more inclusive work culture in India. The study explores the relationship between menstrual health, employee well-being, and productivity by analysing existing workplace policies, emerging debates, and global practices related to menstrual leave. It argues that recognizing menstrual health needs can contribute to improved employee satisfaction, reduced absenteeism, and enhanced long-term productivity. At the same time, the paper critically evaluates concerns that menstrual leave policies may reinforce gender stereotypes or lead to discrimination in hiring and promotion practices. Using a sociological perspective, the paper situates menstrual leave within broader discussions of gender justice, labour rights, and workplace equity. It highlights how supportive workplace policies can challenge menstrual stigma and foster a culture of empathy and inclusivity. The study concludes that menstrual leave, when implemented effectively and accompanied by awareness and supportive organizational practices, has the potential to redefine workplace efficiency by prioritizing employee health and dignity. Such policies can contribute not only to gender-sensitive workplaces but also to sustainable organizational productivity in contemporary India.

Key words: Efficiency, gender justice, workplace inclusivity, menstrual health and
wellbeing etc.

Paper Title:
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FORMATION: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN RURAL INDIA
Author Name:
RAVIKUMAR K
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049848
Page No.:
110-119
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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FORMATION: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN RURAL INDIA
Author: RAVIKUMAR K

ABSTRACT
Women’s empowerment has become a central concern in contemporary development discourse, particularly in developing countries where gender disparities remain deeply rooted in social and economic structures. In India, rural women often face multiple forms of marginalization such as limited access to education, financial resources, and participation in decision-making processes. Over the past three decades, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as a grassroots institutional mechanism that promotes women’s economic participation, collective solidarity, and social empowerment. This study examines the role of Self-Help Groups in facilitating women’s empowerment through the formation of social capital in rural India. The concept of social capital, which refers to networks, trust, cooperation, and shared norms within a community, provides a useful sociological framework to understand the transformative impact of SHGs. Through regular meetings, savings activities, and collective decision-making, SHGs enable rural women to build strong social networks and mutual trust. These networks help women access credit facilities, share information, and collectively address socio-economic challenges. Drawing on secondary data from government reports, academic journals, and development agency publications, this study analyzes the relationship between women’s empowerment and social capital formation within SHGs. Recent statistics indicate that more than 90 million women are currently associated with SHGs under the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), demonstrating the significant expansion of this movement in India. Participation in SHGs has contributed to increased financial inclusion, enhanced leadership capacities, and improved social participation among rural women. However, challenges such as unequal access to resources, limited institutional support, and socio-cultural barriers continue to affect the effectiveness of SHGs in certain regions. The study concludes that Self-Help Groups are not merely financial institutions but also important social platforms that strengthen community networks and promote gender equality. Strengthening these grassroots institutions through supportive policies and capacity-building initiatives can further enhance women’s empowerment and contribute to sustainable rural development.

Keywords: Women’s Empowerment, Social Capital, Self-Help Groups, Rural Development, Gender Equality.

Paper Title:
SOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF INFANT MORTALITY IN INDIA: A DETAILED EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURAL INEQUALITIES, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, AND HEALTHCARE RESILIENCE
Author Name:
Deepa S V
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049981
Page No.:
120-126
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SOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF INFANT MORTALITY IN INDIA: A DETAILED EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURAL INEQUALITIES, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, AND HEALTHCARE RESILIENCE
Author: Deepa S V

ABSTRACT
The infant mortality rate (IMR) serves as a crucial sociological measure reflecting a nation’s health, equity, and developmental progress rather than merely a clinical statistic. This research article investigates the complex sociological effects of IMR within India, tracing its historical evolution from the mid-20th century to the projected figures for 2025. By integrating data from the Sample Registration System and five cycles of the National Family Health Survey, this study highlights the enduring "mortality divide" marked by caste, class, and gender inequalities. It employs frameworks such as structural functionalism, social conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism to analyse the "death trap" phenomenon—where infant loss perpetuates high fertility rates and reduced birth intervals. Additionally, it assesses the psychosocial repercussions of infant death on familial units, maternal mental health considerations, and the effectiveness of digital health initiatives like the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. The findings indicate that while overall national improvements have been notable, sustainable healthcare advancements necessitate tackling entrenched social vulnerabilities and ensuring quality care reaches even the most marginalized.

Keywords: Infant Mortality Rate, Social Stratification, Replacement Effect, Healthcare
Sustainability, Public Health Policy, India.

Paper Title:
UNSTOPPABLE TOGETHER: THE STRENGTH OF FEMALE MENTORSHIP
Author Name:
Gopikashree S & Deepa S V
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19128862
Page No.:
127-135
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UNSTOPPABLE TOGETHER: THE STRENGTH OF FEMALE MENTORSHIP
Author: Gopikashree S & Deepa S V

ABSTRACT
Female mentorship serves as a cornerstone for professional development and psychological resilience in increasingly competitive global markets. This article explores the multifaceted dynamics of "Unstoppable Together," a concept highlighting the synergistic power of women supporting women. Mentorship transcends mere professional guidance; it acts as a critical intervention against systemic barriers such as the "glass ceiling" and "imposter syndrome." Through a sociopsychological lens, this study examines how developmental relationships foster self-efficacy and career satisfaction. The review of literature synthesizes diverse perspectives on gender-specific
mentoring, emphasizing that female mentors provide unique emotional support and role modeling that gender-neutral or male-dominated structures often lack. The findings suggest that female mentorship not only accelerates individual career trajectories but also fosters inclusive organizational cultures. By dismantling hierarchical isolation, these relationships create a ripple effect of empowerment. This article concludes that investing in formal and informal female mentorship programs is not merely a diversity initiative but a strategic necessity for sustainable leadership.

Keywords: Female Mentorship, Empowerment, Socio-psychological Resilience, Career
Development, Gender Equity, Transformational Leadership.

Paper Title:
EMPOWERMENT AND CHALLENGES OF TRIBES IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Gururaju K
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19129230
Page No.:
136-140
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EMPOWERMENT AND CHALLENGES OF TRIBES IN KARNATAKA
Author: Gururaju K

ABSTRACT
Karnataka is a state of diverse culture, languages, faith and the socio-economic scenario within the state, in many ways, mirrors the scenario prevalent in the country itself. Tribal population constitutes around 8.6 percent of the total population of India. These communities are varied from their belief, customs, traditional and religious practices. The south Indian State of Karnataka, once part of several kingdoms and princely states of repute in the Deccan peninsula, is rich in its historic, cultural and
anthropological heritage. The State is the home to 42,48,987 tribal people, of whom 50,870 belong to the primitive group. Although these people represent only 6.95 per cent of the population of the State, there are as many as 50 different tribes notified by the Government of India, living in Karnataka, of which 14 tribes including two primitive ones, are primarily natives of this State. Extreme poverty and neglect over generations have left them in poor state of health and nutrition is their major problem. Unfortunately, despite efforts from the Government and non-Governmental organizations alike,
literature that is available to assess the state of health of these tribes of the region remains scanty. Tribal population is the aboriginal inhabitants of India who have been living a life based on the natural environment and have cultural patterns congenial to their physical and social environment. The Concerted efforts for the development of these groups by the Central and State Governments have had only marginal impacts on their socio-economic conditions in spite of the various welfare measures and
constitutional protection. The main objective of this research is to find out the socio-economic status of tribes and their problems in Karnataka.

Keywords: Socio-economic status, Problems, Tribes, Karnataka.

Paper Title:
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP ON HIGHER EDUCATION AMONG SCHEDULED CASTE STUDENTS IN PUNJAB
Author Name:
Kamaljit Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19143574
Page No.:
141-150
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EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP ON HIGHER EDUCATION AMONG SCHEDULED CASTE STUDENTS IN PUNJAB
Author: Kamaljit Singh

ABSTRACT
Education plays an important role in promoting social equality and improving the socio-economic conditions of marginalized communities. In India, Scheduled Caste (SC) students often face financial barriers to higher education. The Post Matric Scholarship (PMS) scheme was introduced by the Government of India to provide financial assistance to SC students pursuing studies beyond matriculation. This study examines the awareness, accessibility, and impact of the PMS scheme among SC students
in Punjab. Primary data were collected from 97 respondents through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage methods. The findings show that most students are aware of the scheme and have benefited from it. The scholarship helps reduce financial burden and supports educational expenses such as tuition fees and study materials. However, students also reported challenges such as delays in scholarship disbursement, application difficulties, and technical issues with the online portal. Overall, the study concludes that the PMS scheme plays a significant role in supporting higher education for SC students, though improvements in implementation and timely fund distribution are needed.

Key words: PMS Scheme, Scheduled Caste Students, Higher Education, Financial Support, Punjab.

Paper Title:
EVOLUTION OF IDEOLOGY IN THE MARGINAL COMMUNITIES: NAMASUDRA-MATUA
Author Name:
Toton Biswas
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284453
Page No.:
151-161
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EVOLUTION OF IDEOLOGY IN THE MARGINAL COMMUNITIES: NAMASUDRA-MATUA
Author: Toton Biswas

ABSTRACT:
The Namasudras are one of the Scheduled Castes of India; they are primarily inhabitants of Greater Bengal. In the context of Partition, due to the division of Bengal, they became divided. Through the ideology propagated by Harichand Thakur and the leadership of Guruchand Thakur, they emerged as the Matua community. Now the questions are- has any ideological evolution actually taken place among this marginalized population? However, it is not beyond question whether all Namasudras are Matua? or whether all Matuas are Namasudra? Just as society and culture are deeply interconnected, similarly, Namasudras and Matuas have often coexisted in terms of social position. Not only Namasudras, but over time people from various castes and communities have embraced the Matua faith. In the context of time and place, the Matua religion has, in a sense, evolved into a religion of universal humanity; and the Namasudra society has also undergone transformation.

Keywords: Namasudra, Matua, Society, Caste, Religion, Marginal

Paper Title:
SURROGACY
Author Name:
Divya Mittal & Divya Khurana
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19344461
Page No.:
162-168
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SURROGACY
Author: Divya Mittal & Divya Khurana

ABSTRACT
Nature has endowed women with the extraordinary power to reproduce on a daily basis, and every mother cherishes her parenting experience. Unfortunately, due to physiological reasons, a few ladies will be unable to have their own children. Surrogacy seemed to be the best choice for them to become parents. The gestational carrier is the surrogate mother, and surrogacy is a contract between a woman and a couple or an individual to carry and deliver a kid. Despite the numerous laws enacted to protect
surrogate mother interests, the reality is that the efforts made thus far to ensure surrogate mother protection have been few curative drops in the ocean of surrogate mother misery, and the vast majority of people are unaware that they have been protected as surrogate mothers by a plethora of laws. In this context, it's important to grasp current surrogacy practices and rules, if any, as well as the plethora of
challenges that come with the practice, such as social, legal, medical, and psychological problems. Surrogates can only be in charge if they use their legal rights to do so. The goal of this study is to comprehend the legal difficulties surrounding surrogacy in modern India, while also taking into account surrogates' current conditions and reality. India now has a new surrogate protection system, according to the enactment of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021. The new law strengthens surrogate protection and expands the number of options available, but it is not without flaws. In terms of public perception, surrogacy is still in its early stages. To overcome the
multiple obstacles, comprehensive legislation on the issue requires the legislature's active engagement. The goal of this research project is to address legal concerns surrounding surrogacy, give information about surrogate rights, and provide ideas for bolstering surrogate rights by adopting new solutions to current problems. As a consequence, we have a better understanding of surrogacy protection in India
and can evaluate the new legislation objectively. The goals of this research article are to show judicial tendencies that favour surrogate protection, the growth of legislation in India, and, finally, some recommendations for raising knowledge about surrogate protection laws.

Keywords: Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, Surrogacy Protection, Awareness, Rights of Surrogates

Paper Title:
SOCIAL CHANGE AND LEGAL REFORM IN INDIA
Author Name:
Nagendrakumar .P
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19367623
Page No.:
169-177
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SOCIAL CHANGE AND LEGAL REFORM IN INDIA
Author: Nagendrakumar .P

ABSTRACT
The relationship between law and society in India has been shaped by historical events throughout the transition from colonial rule to nationalism. Throughout this passage, the frameworks of both the social and legal systems have changed. This process shows a clear mark of historicity; however, considering our observations of analogous interactions between law and society in the industrially developed western nations, a certain degree of shared experiences on a universal level is undeniable. Currently, the legal and social change processes in India, although largely distinct, exhibit certain
similarities with industrially developed countries concerning the dilemmas and contradictions within the frameworks of law and society.

Keywords: Hindu Law, Indian Constitution, Special Law, Social Welfare, Social Legislation,
Equality to all, Social Policy, Law

Paper Title:
THE INTERGENERATIONAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN ASCRIBED CASTE AND OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN MODERN INDIA
Author Name:
Dibangon Pandit
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19395259
Page No.:
178-181
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THE INTERGENERATIONAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN ASCRIBED CASTE AND OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN MODERN INDIA
Author: Dibangon Pandit

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the dynamics of Intergenerational occupational mobility among Indian males, utilizing secondary data to analyse movements within the social hierarchy. By categorizing occupations through skill levels and social status, the study explores the indicators of income distribution, educational achievement, and the persistent influence of caste. The findings suggest that while educational attainment has increased, occupational "ascents" remain fragile, particularly for marginalized groups, as ascribed status continues to outweigh achieved status in many sectors.

Paper Title:
SCHEDULED CASTES LEADERSHIP IN PANCHAYATS: A STUDY OF SUB- DIVISION MOONAK, PUNJAB
Author Name:
Gagandeep
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19398957
Page No.:
82-192
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SCHEDULED CASTES LEADERSHIP IN PANCHAYATS: A STUDY OF SUB- DIVISION MOONAK, PUNJAB
Author: Gagandeep

ABSTRACT:
Leadership makes things to happen in reality. A leader is a person who bring together everyone by keeping in mind their thoughts, expectations and demands. In this paper, efforts have been made to analyse the leadership qualities in Scheduled Castes representatives in Panchayats in villages falling under Andana at Moonak Block in Sub-Division Moonak, Punjab. The research work includes overall performance of the persons belonging to these castes in Panchayats as a representative of their community. In present research, it has been found that Scheduled Castes leaders are able to present
themselves as a good representative in Panchayats and during the matters of atrocities on their community, mostly of them are able to resolve these matters whenever the situation prevailed at the village level. Besides of this, it can be said that the educational programs should be initiated by the government to eradicate illiteracy among these castes because only an educated leader can lead society in a good way.

Keywords: Scheduled Castes, Leadership, Panchayats, Leadership Styles etc.

Paper Title:
AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL RESERVATION IN PANCHAYATS ESPECIALLY TO SCHEDULED CASTES IN SUB-DIVISION MOONAK, PUNJAB
Author Name:
Gagandeep
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19399409
Page No.:
193-201
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AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL RESERVATION IN PANCHAYATS ESPECIALLY TO SCHEDULED CASTES IN SUB-DIVISION MOONAK, PUNJAB
Author: Gagandeep

ABSTRACT:
Reservation as an affirmative action, from its implementation has resulted in changing the socialeconomic status of weaker sections, especially Scheduled Castes in a well manner. The political participation of these sections has increased as an outcome of seats reserved for them. In this paper, efforts has been made to analyse the present scenario of political reservation provided to the Scheduled Castes in Panchayats, specially concerned with the Punjab Panchayati Raj Act, 1994. On the basis of findings of present study, it can be said that reservation has been proved a boon for the
scheduled castes. As a result of reservation provided to them, they do participate in Panchayats. It is also observed that they are able to become a member of Panchayats mainly because of seats reserved for them in these institutions. Initiatives by the Government, NGO’s are necessary to make proper participation of these castes in local level politics.

Keywords: Scheduled Castes, Reservation, Panchayats, Dalits etc.

Paper Title:
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ENGAGEMENT INSEX WORK IN INDIA: A LEGAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Shiffali
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19399978
Page No.:
202-209
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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ENGAGEMENT INSEX WORK IN INDIA: A LEGAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Author: Shiffali

ABSTRACT
Sex work in India is embedded in a richly layered and debatable context, which is informed by the coexistence of legal provisions, socio-economic conditions of vulnerability, and the overarching structural inequalities. While the policy context is not informed by a singular policy perspective, the legal provisions are embedded in a complex array of prohibition, regulation, and selective interventions that co-exist in tension with each other. This article aims to discuss the factors that lead to the involvement of individuals in sex work through the lens of the legal and structural context. This
includes the involvement of poverty, gender dynamics, caste-based marginalization, migration
patterns, the absence of access to education, and the impact of trafficking networks. Additionally, the article aims to discuss the legislative and adjudicatory interventions that attempt to regulate, protect, and at times marginalize the involved individuals. This paper is informed by the doctrinal and analytical research methodology, which relies on the legislative provisions, case law, and literature. This paper argues that the overarching structural inequalities, in conjunction with the inconsistent and fragmented legislative provisions, continue to perpetuate the conditions of vulnerability.

Keywords: Sex work, prostitution, India, Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, structural inequality, legal framework, trafficking, Access to justice; India, Human rights, commercial sexual exploitation, socio-economic vulnerability, gender inequality, caste discrimination, public policy.

Paper Title:
STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE OF SMALL BUSINESSES AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS OF PROPRIETORS IN AHILYANAGAR
Author Name:
Mehernosh B. Mehta
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19435476
Page No.:
210-213
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STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE OF SMALL BUSINESSES AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS OF PROPRIETORS IN AHILYANAGAR
Author: Mehernosh B. Mehta

ABSTRACT
An organization is basically a formal structure of individuals established to achieve pre-determined goals and objectives. These individuals are organized into different groups for fulfillment of common purpose. The business unit or enterprise or firm uses the available diverse resources. Business Organisation is an open system as it influences and is also influence by its environment continuously. It is an adaptive open system. It receives inputs from the society in the form of raw materials, labour, capital and information. These resources are combined and transformed by management of the
business organisation into desirable outputs of goods and services required by consumers. Research
aimed to study the relationship between structure of small businesses and managerial skills of
proprietors in Ahilyanagar taluka. Descriptive research design was used. Primary data was collected from the proprietors of small businesses through conducting field survey by administrating the structured questionnaire. Proprietors who owned and controlled the small businesses and were actively involved in routine management and day-to-day administration of small businesses were considered. Convenience sampling method was used to draw the required sample.

Keywords: Structure, Small Businesses, Managerial Skills, Proprietors, Ahilyanagar

Paper Title:
JAMES JOHNSTONE’S ACCOUNT OF CAPTAIN WELSH’S EXPEDITION AND THE POLITICAL CONDITION OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ASSAM
Author Name:
Imdad Ali Ahmed
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19435622
Page No.:
214-218
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JAMES JOHNSTONE’S ACCOUNT OF CAPTAIN WELSH’S EXPEDITION AND THE POLITICAL CONDITION OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ASSAM
Author: Imdad Ali Ahmed

ABSTRACT
This paper critically examines James Johnstone’s account “Captain Welsh’s Expedition to Assam in 1792, 1793 and 1794” and evaluates its importance for reconstructing the political and socioeconomic history of late eighteenth-century Assam. The study aims to analyze Johnstone’s narrative as a colonial historical source, focusing on the Moamoria rebellion, the decline of the Ahom polity, and the nature of early British intervention. The methodology is based on qualitative textual analysis of
Johnstone’s work, supplemented by contemporary official correspondence and supported by modern historiography. A comparative approach is used to identify discrepancies between colonial narratives and later scholarly interpretations. The findings indicate that Johnstone’s account provides valuable empirical details on administrative structures, military developments, and regional instability. However, it is shaped by colonial biases that portray British intervention as necessary and indigenous
rulers as inefficient. His narrative underrepresents socio-economic causes of rebellion and overlooks indigenous agency. The study concludes that while Johnstone’s work is indispensable as a primary source, it must be critically evaluated within its colonial context. Its significance lies in contributing both factual data and insight into colonial knowledge production, thereby enriching the historiography of Assam and early British expansion in Northeast India.

Keywords: Assam history, Captain Welsh, James Johnstone, Moamoria rebellion, Ahom kingdom, colonial historiography

Paper Title:
TRANSFORMING PARA SPORTS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT
Author Name:
Shubhamoy Barman
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19435948
Page No.:
219-224
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TRANSFORMING PARA SPORTS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT
Author: Shubhamoy Barman

ABSTRACT
In recent years, Para sports have experienced significant growth, largely due to the advancement of modern technology. This paper examines how technological developments have contributed to improvements in training methods, competitive performance, and overall athlete development. It focuses on the role of assistive technologies, data-driven analysis, biomechanics, and virtual reality in supporting athletes within the Paralympic movement. In addition, the study considers the ethical
concerns and practical challenges linked to the use of such technologies, including issues of fairness, accessibility, and cost. It also explores how these innovations may shape the future direction of Para sports. By analyzing the connection between technology and athletic performance, this paper highlights the importance of creating inclusive sporting environments and emphasizes the broader social value of making sports more accessible to individuals with disabilities.

Keywords: Para sports, assistive technology, Paralympics, sports innovation, accessibility

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REVITALIZING YOGA, AYURVEDA, AND INDIGENOUS WELLNESS KNOWLEDGE FOR YOUTH TOURISM EDUCATION IN INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Author Name:
Swati Chandrakant Takkar, Rajesh Kumawat & Shripad Joshi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19449487
Page No.:
225-231
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A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REVITALIZING YOGA, AYURVEDA, AND INDIGENOUS WELLNESS KNOWLEDGE FOR YOUTH TOURISM EDUCATION IN INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Author: Swati Chandrakant Takkar, Rajesh Kumawat & Shripad Joshi

ABSTRACT:
India holds a globally recognized wellness heritage through Yoga, Ayurveda, and diverse Indigenous wellness knowledge systems rooted in local ecologies, food cultures, preventive care, and community practices. However, youth engagement with these knowledge forms within tourism education in Indian universities remains uneven due to curriculum gaps, limited digital pedagogy, concerns about scientific validation, language barriers, and weak industry–academia linkages. Simultaneously, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming education, tourism experiences, and cultural heritage
dissemination through personalized learning, content generation, recommendation systems, virtual simulations, and multilingual translation. This research paper examines how AI can be strategically used to revitalize, document, authenticate, and teach Yoga, Ayurveda, and Indigenous wellness knowledge as part of youth tourism education in Indian universities, enabling employability, entrepreneurship, and ethical wellness tourism development. The study proposes an AI-enabled framework that connects heritage knowledge holders, universities, students, and tourism stakeholders through curated knowledge repositories, adaptive learning modules, virtual immersion labs, and responsible AI governance mechanisms. Using a descriptive–analytical approach (mixed methods), the paper outlines measurable constructs including AI readiness, perceived authenticity, learning engagement, cultural pride, skill development, and tourism intention. The study is expected to contribute to curriculum innovation, digital preservation, responsible wellness tourism promotion, and youth-centric experiential learning.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Yoga, Ayurveda, Indigenous Knowledge.
INTRODUCTION

Paper Title:
GREENING THE GOLDEN LAND: POTENTIAL AND ISSUES IN CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOURISM
Author Name:
Ramanpreet Kaur & Sanya Dawer
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19465970
Page No.:
232-239
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GREENING THE GOLDEN LAND: POTENTIAL AND ISSUES IN CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOURISM
Author: Ramanpreet Kaur & Sanya Dawer

ABSTRACT:
Eco-tourism is a journey that weaves together adventure, education, and conservation, inviting travelers to experience the majestic beauty of nature while promoting sustainable practices and community engagement. Punjab, renowned for its rich cultural heritage, is also a treasure trove of natural wonders, boasting a diverse array of flora and fauna. Eco-tourism in Punjab offers a unique opportunity to explore and conserve its breathtaking forests, wetlands, bird sanctuaries, and zoological
parks. Visitors can embark on an exhilarating Lion Safari at Chhatbir Zoo near Chandigarh or marvel at the majestic migratory birds at Hari Ke Pattan in Amritsar, showcasing the state's lesser-known yet captivating natural beauty. By promoting eco-tourism, Punjab aims to foster a deeper appreciation forits natural treasures and inspire conservation efforts,making it really great for people who love nature and for people who are looking for adventure. It is perfect, for nature enthusiasts and adventure
seekers.

Objectives: The main objective of the paper is to explore the eco-tourism potential in state and to highlight the various opportunities and challenges in developing eco-tourism in Punjab.

Methodology: The research is descriptive in nature. The data for the purpose is based on secondary sources like policy documents, journals, books, newspaper and internet.

Finding: The State really has a lot of potential to become a place, for people who love nature and the environment. Taking into consideration the enormity of eco-tourism and its tremendous resources, there is massive opportunity of eco-tourism development in Punjab. Diversification of tourism activities and the participation of local people is needed at all the stages of development of ecotourism.

Keywords: Eco tourism destination, flora and fauna, natural habitat, sanctuaries, zoological park, exotic, myriad culture, enormity, tremendous resources.

Paper Title:
FROM IPC, CRPC AND EVIDENCE ACT TO BNS, BNSS AND BSA: EVALUATING THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Author Name:
Sanjeev Kumar Chadha
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19482066
Page No.:
240-251
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FROM IPC, CRPC AND EVIDENCE ACT TO BNS, BNSS AND BSA: EVALUATING THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Author: Sanjeev Kumar Chadha

ABSTRACT
To date, the justification of the Indian criminal justice system most thoroughly since the codification of 18601872 under British rule, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshaya Adhiniyam (BSA) were enacted in 2023. The critical part of this paper is critical covering whether such new statutes provide substantive transformation or are mere revisions of Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and Indian Evidence Act in new forms. The research explores reforms in the substantive offences, procedures and the standard of
evidence through study of the doctrines. The BNS restructures criminal crimes, adds new types to it, including terrorism, organised crime, and mob lynching, and eliminates clauses that are nullified by the Supreme Court. The BNSS introduces digital innovations such as e-FIRs, virtual trials, electronic summons, and requires forensic investigation on serious crimes, and at the same time increases police custody, faces default bail, as well as changes police arrest-search-seizure authority. The BSA also regulates the contemporary standard of evidence by the explicit identification of digital evidence,
metadata, hash values and the codification of leading cases against Anvar P.V. and Arjun Panditrao. Nevertheless, some fears are on unclear definition of offences, increased surveillance by states, lack of sufficient forensic facilities, and unequal technological capability. The paper asserts that despite the new codes revamping significant aspects of criminal law and procedure, much of the philosophy and
structure of criminal law still carries the spirit of colonialism showing continuity as opposed to being totally altered. The 2023 criminal justice reforms will depend on a combination of an effective implementation, constitutional protections, and institutional capacity-building in order to bring about a meaningful change in the criminal justice system.

Keywords: criminal law reform, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita(BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita(BNSS), Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), Procedural Justice, Digital Evidence, Constitutional Implications.

Paper Title:
ROLE OF STUDENT REVOLUTIONARIES IN THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT IN UTTAR PRADESH
Author Name:
Yaduvendra Singh, Preeti Devi, Kuldeep Singh, Surjeet Singh & Sanjay Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19496381
Page No.:
252-256
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ROLE OF STUDENT REVOLUTIONARIES IN THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT IN UTTAR PRADESH
Author: Yaduvendra Singh, Preeti Devi, Kuldeep Singh, Surjeet Singh & Sanjay Singh

ABSTRACT
The Non-Cooperation Movement (19201922) became a turning point in the history of the Indian freedom struggle as it turned into a mass movement with the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. Uttar Pradesh (then called United Provinces of Agra and Oudh) became a key hub of nationalist mobilization. Students were one of the most active and powerful social groups which took part in the movement. This paper looks at the role played by student revolutionaries in Uttar Pradesh during the Non-Cooperation Movement, especially their role in educational boycotts, political mobilization, and
spreading nationalist and revolutionary ideas. The paper contends that student activism not only enhanced the Gandhian non-cooperation, but also provided a way forward to revolutionary nationalism, particularly after the suspension of the movement in 1922. Basing on the secondary sources, the paper brings out the duality of students in terms of them being non-violent activists and a new breed of revolutionaries hence their importance in defining the course of the freedom struggle in India.

Keywords: Non-Cooperation Movement, Students, Uttar Pradesh, Revolutionary nationalism, Youth politics, freedom struggle.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PRICE FLUCTUATION OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCT – TOMATO WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE DISTRICT
Author Name:
T.M. Hemalatha & Ansif M
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19508866
Page No.:
257-261
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A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PRICE FLUCTUATION OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCT – TOMATO WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE DISTRICT
Author: T.M. Hemalatha & Ansif M

ABSTRACT:
Climate change has become a significant factor influencing agricultural production and market stability. This study examines the impact of climate change on the price fluctuation of tomatoes in Coimbatore district. Tomato, being a highly climate-sensitive crop, is affected by variations in temperature, rainfall, and extreme weather conditions. The study analyzes how these climatic changes influence tomato supply and, in turn, affect market prices. Both primary and secondary data have been used to understand seasonal price variations and supply patterns. The findings reveal that unfavorable
climatic conditions such as droughts and heavy rainfall reduce production, leading to higher prices, while favorable conditions increase supply and lower prices. The study concludes that climate change creates instability in tomato prices and highlights the need for effective agricultural practices and policy measures to ensure price stability and farmer sustainability.

Keywords: Climate Change, Tomato Prices, Price Fluctuation, Agricultural Supply, Coimbatore District, Weather Impact, Crop Production, Market Instability

Paper Title:
FROM FOUNDATION TO FALL: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (14TH–16TH CENTURY)
Author Name:
B. Prabhakar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19552893
Page No.:
262-270
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FROM FOUNDATION TO FALL: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (14TH–16TH CENTURY)
Author: B. Prabhakar

ABSTRACT
The establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century marked a decisive turning point in the history of South India, unifying diverse linguistic and cultural regions under a centralized political authority. Emerging in response to the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate, particularly under rulers like AlauddinKhilji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the empire played a crucial role in resisting northern incursions and preserving indigenous traditions. Founded by Harihara I and guided by Vidyaranya, Vijayanagara evolved into a powerful political, economic, and cultural center. Successive dynasties—
Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu—contributed to its expansion, administrative innovations, and cultural renaissance. The reign of Krishnadevaraya is often regarded as its golden age. However, internal conflicts and external pressures culminated in the catastrophic Battle of Talikota, leading to the empire’s gradual decline. This study examines the rise, development, and fall of the Vijayanagara Empire within a broader historical framework.

Keywords: Vijayanagara Empire, South Indian history, Talikota

Paper Title:
FROM FOUNDATION TO FALL: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (14TH–16TH CENTURY)
Author Name:
B. Prabhakar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19552893
Page No.:
262-270
View PDF Certificate
FROM FOUNDATION TO FALL: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (14TH–16TH CENTURY)
Author: B. Prabhakar

ABSTRACT
The establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century marked a decisive turning point in the history of South India, unifying diverse linguistic and cultural regions under a centralized political authority. Emerging in response to the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate, particularly under rulers like AlauddinKhilji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the empire played a crucial role in resisting northern incursions and preserving indigenous traditions. Founded by Harihara I and guided by Vidyaranya, Vijayanagara evolved into a powerful political, economic, and cultural center. Successive dynasties—
Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu—contributed to its expansion, administrative innovations, and cultural renaissance. The reign of Krishnadevaraya is often regarded as its golden age. However, internal conflicts and external pressures culminated in the catastrophic Battle of Talikota, leading to the empire’s gradual decline. This study examines the rise, development, and fall of the Vijayanagara Empire within a broader historical framework.

Keywords: Vijayanagara Empire, South Indian history, Talikota

Paper Title:
महिला शिक्षा के मार्ग में बाधक सामाजिक कारण
Author Name:
डाॅ. अनिल कुमार काठले & डाॅ. नवोदिता टोप्पो
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19553917
Page No.:
271-278
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महिला शिक्षा के मार्ग में बाधक सामाजिक कारण
Author: डाॅ. अनिल कुमार काठले & डाॅ. नवोदिता टोप्पो

सहस्त्राब्दि के प्रथम दशक का लक्ष्य ‘‘सभी के लिए शिक्षा की प्राप्ति तभी संभव होगी जब 6 से 14 वर्ष की बालिकाओं की शिक्षा अनिवार्यतः सुनिश्चित करायी जावें।
प्रकृति से संघर्ष करके जीवन मार्ग को प्रशस्त करने वाली नारी का मानव सभ्यता के विकास में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है। मनुस्मृति में कहा गया है कि1
‘‘यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यन्ते रमन्ते तत्र देवता।’’
सुव्यवस्थित परिवारिक व सामाजिक संरचना में सुशिक्षित परिश्रमी ममतामयी नारी का प्रभाव सर्वत्र देखा जा सकता है। राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर भी ख्याति प्राप्त महिलाओं के योगदान को भुलाया नही जा सकता। फिर भी महिलाओं के अच्छी मन स्थिति नहीं बना पाया। जो अत्यंत विचारणीय है। शैक्षिक इतिहास को देखने से इस बात की पुष्टि की जा सकती है। साहित्य में मूर्धन्य कवियों ने नारी के संबंध में कहा गया व्यक्तव्य भी समाज में नारी के लिए अच्छा संदेश नहीे पहुँचा है।

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF FAMILY AMONG THE HARIJANS OF GUWAHATI CITY, KAMRUP (METRO), ASSAM: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY
Author Name:
Nayanjyoti Goswami
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19640187
Page No.:
279-283
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THE ROLE OF FAMILY AMONG THE HARIJANS OF GUWAHATI CITY, KAMRUP (METRO), ASSAM: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY
Author: Nayanjyoti Goswami

ABSTRACT:
Family is the simplest and smallest social institution. Family is found in almost all societies of the world and will survive as long as human society exists in the world. Family with its social grouping carries out the different function assigned to them. It is through the family that values, tradition, customs are passed on from one generation to next. The family among the Harijan community maintains harmonious bonds among the members. In this bond love and affection are very important. In the same way emotional and social security are provided in the family. Marriage get social
recognition only from the family and the society where they lived. The parents of both the couple had to call their relatives or other member of the society in order to get sanction from the society. Marriage creates family and help in its future continuation. It is an important institution without which society cannot maintain its existence. Thus family plays an important role among the Harijan community and almost every decision were taken only on approval by the elders of a family. Breakdown of Joint
family is seen in their community but even then their family bonds remain stronger.

Keywords: Family, Harijan, role

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